Cellulosic liquid crystals for films and fibers

IF 4.8 3区 材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL
J. Canejo, N. Monge, C. Echeverria, S. Fernandes, M. Godinho
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引用次数: 20

Abstract

ABSTRACT Cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer on earth, is used in numerous applications in our day-to-day life. However, the discovery that cellulose-based systems could lead to the formation of liquid crystalline phases only dates to the 1970s. Compared with all known applications of cellulose, the liquid crystalline behavior has been less considered. Associated with this are the low solubility of cellulose and the existence of a chiral nematic precursor solution and its processing under the action of a shear field, which is used to produce fibers and films. In this review, we first conduct a short review of the main features of cellulosic liquid crystalline phases including the main textures observed by polarizing optical microscopy and the cholesteric phase characteristics of thermotropic and lyotropic systems observed for cellulose and cellulose derivatives. Then, we focus on the rheological properties of liquid crystalline solutions and special attention is given to the formation of striations developed during shear and the formation of the band texture, which appears during the relaxation process. Among the different techniques used, special emphasis is given to the results obtained by coupling rheology with optical microscopy (Rheo-optics) and nuclear magnetic resonance (Rheo-NMR) techniques. Some examples described in the literature, related to the use of cellulose and cellulose derivatives liquid crystals to the production of structural color scaffolds, stimuli-responsive films and fibers, are addressed. In these systems, the initial cholesteric phase determines the unique properties exhibited by the films and the fibers produced from cellulosic liquid crystalline systems.
用于薄膜和纤维的纤维素液晶
纤维素是地球上含量最丰富的天然聚合物,在我们的日常生活中有着广泛的应用。然而,基于纤维素的系统可以导致液晶相形成的发现只能追溯到20世纪70年代。与纤维素的所有已知应用相比,纤维素的液晶行为很少被考虑。与此相关的是纤维素的低溶解度和手性向列前驱体溶液的存在及其在剪切场作用下的加工,用于生产纤维和薄膜。在这篇综述中,我们首先简要回顾了纤维素液晶相的主要特征,包括通过偏光显微镜观察到的主要结构,以及纤维素及其衍生物观察到的热致性和溶致性体系的胆甾相特征。然后,我们重点研究了液晶溶液的流变特性,并特别关注了剪切过程中条纹的形成和弛豫过程中带状织构的形成。在使用的不同技术中,特别强调的是通过光学显微镜(Rheo-optics)和核磁共振(Rheo-NMR)技术耦合流变学获得的结果。在文献中描述的一些例子,涉及使用纤维素和纤维素衍生物液晶生产结构彩色支架,刺激反应膜和纤维,被解决。在这些系统中,初始胆甾相决定了由纤维素液晶系统产生的薄膜和纤维所表现出的独特性能。
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来源期刊
Liquid Crystals Reviews
Liquid Crystals Reviews CHEMISTRY, PHYSICALCRYSTALLOGRAPHY&n-CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
CiteScore
7.60
自引率
5.90%
发文量
8
期刊介绍: Liquid Crystals Reviews publishes review articles on all aspects of liquid crystal fundamentals and applied science, including experimental and theoretical studies of physical and chemical properties, molecular design and synthesis and engineering of liquid crystal devices. The Journal fosters cross-disciplinary exchange of ideas, encouraging authors to present material at a level accessible to specialists from other fields of science and engineering. Liquid Crystals Reviews provides the scientific community, in both academia and industry, with a publication of standing, guaranteed by the Editors and by the International Editorial Board who are active scientists in the worldwide liquid crystal community.
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