A 3D model to illustrate the nest architecture of Acromyrmex balzani (Hymenoptera; Formicidae)

Abstract

ABSTRACT For eusocial insects, the nest is a place where the main social interactions occur. The nest architecture ensures protection from predators and the environment, as well as suitable conditions for brood rearing, food storage, and in some cases the cultivation of fungus farms. Variations in nest architecture can occur, according to the environmental conditions. In order to elucidate the internal organization of nests, most studies use 2D schemes and photographs to illustrate the nest architecture models. However, 3D models can provide a different and more realistic view of the nest architecture. The aim of this study was to describe the nest architecture and colony size of the grass-cutting ant Acromyrmex balzani (Emery), using 3D models to illustrate these features. The structures of eight colonies were measured and the data were used to create a 3D model of each nest. Externally, the nests had one or more piles of loose soil and waste, with a single straw turret over the entrance. Underground, the nests had from 2 to 6 chambers, at a maximum depth of 122 cm. It could be concluded that the observed nest architecture of Acromyrmex balzani followed, at least in part, the pattern already reported in the literature. However, this is the first report of connection between two chambers made by two shafts, as well as the presence of the turret at the nest entrance/exit, regardless of the season of the year. These differences evidence that the nest structures may vary, depending on intrinsic or local environmental conditions.