典型“组群式”城市夏季大气颗粒物中水溶性离子化学特征及来源

Q2 Environmental Science

环境科学研究 Pub Date : 2018-04-25 DOI:10.13198/J.ISSN.1001-6929.2018.01.07

欧盛菊, 吴丽萍, 王信梧, 张向炎, 任丽红, 杨文, 白志鹏

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Abstract

为探究典型“组群式”城市——淄博市夏季大气颗粒物中水溶性离子化学特征及来源，于2016年8月对淄博市6个城市点（桓台、张店、临淄、淄川、博山、周村）、2个郊区点（沂源、高青）及1个清洁对照点（鲁山）同步进行PM2.5和PM10采样，分析了大气颗粒物质量浓度及9种水溶性离子的空间分布特征，并利用主成分分析方法探讨了PM2.5和PM10中水溶性离子的主要来源.结果表明：①淄博夏季各点位（清洁对照点除外）PM2.5和PM10质量浓度日均值范围分别为57.2~112和77.4~163 μg/m3，空间分布特征表现为城市点>郊区点>清洁对照点；各点位PM2.5/PM10（质量浓度之比）在0.61~0.80之间，表明淄博夏季大气颗粒物污染以PM2.5为主.②水溶性离子在PM2.5和PM10中占比分别为53.3%和48.5%，其中二次无机离子分别占总离子浓度的91.4%和83.7%，表明大气颗粒物主要以二次离子为主，并且主要富集在PM2.5中；PM2.5中∑阴离子/∑阳离子（摩尔浓度之比）为1.07，PM10中该比值为0.87，说明PM2.5接近中性，而PM10呈弱碱性.③淄博夏季各点位离子来源具有一定的空间差异性，城市点、郊区点与清洁对照点间的CD（分歧系数）均高于0.2，而城市点间CD值低于0.2，说明城市点位间的水溶性离子的化学性质较为相似.④主成分分析表明，淄博夏季大气PM2.5中的水溶性离子可能主要来源于工业源、生物质锅炉、燃煤、二次源、道路尘及建筑尘，而PM10中的离子主要来源于道路尘、建筑尘、海盐及二次源.研究显示，淄博市颗粒物污染严重，具有明显的空间分布特征，水溶性离子来源复杂，应采取分区、多源控制的污染防治对策.

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Chemical characteristics and sources of water-soluble ions in summer atmospheric particulate matter of typical "cluster" cities

In order to explore the chemical characteristics and sources of water-soluble ions in the summer atmospheric particulate matter of typical "cluster" cities - Zibo City, PM2.5 and PM10 were simultaneously sampled in August 2016 at 6 urban points (Huantai, Zhangdian, Linzi, Zichuan, Boshan, Zhoucun), 2 suburban points (Yiyuan, Gaoqing), and 1 clean control point (Lushan) in Zibo City. The spatial distribution characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter mass concentration and 9 water-soluble ions were analyzed, And principal component analysis was used to explore the main sources of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 and PM10. The results showed that: ① The daily mean range of PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations at various points in Zibo during summer (excluding clean control points) was 57.2-112 and 77.4-163, respectively μ G/m3, the spatial distribution characteristics are as follows: urban points>suburban points>clean control points; The PM2.5/PM10 (mass concentration ratio) at each point ranges from 0.61 to 0.80, indicating that PM2.5 is the main source of atmospheric particulate matter pollution in summer in Zibo. ② The proportion of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 and PM10 is 53.3% and 48.5%, respectively, with secondary inorganic ions accounting for 91.4% and 83.7% of the total ion concentration, indicating that atmospheric particulate matter is mainly composed of secondary ions and mainly enriched in PM2.5; The molar concentration ratio of ∑ anions/∑ cations in PM2.5 is 1.07, while in PM10, the ratio is 0.87, indicating that PM2.5 is close to neutral while PM10 is weakly alkaline The ion sources at various points in Zibo during summer have certain spatial differences. The CD (divergence coefficient) between urban, suburban, and clean control points is higher than 0.2, while the CD value between urban points is lower than 0.2, indicating that the chemical properties of water-soluble ions between urban points are relatively similar. ④ Principal component analysis shows that the water-soluble ions in summer atmospheric PM2.5 in Zibo may mainly come from industrial sources, biomass boilers, coal combustion, secondary sources, road dust, and construction dust, while the ions in PM10 mainly come from road dust, construction dust, sea salt, and secondary sources. Research shows that particulate matter pollution in Zibo is severe and has obvious spatial distribution characteristics. The sources of water-soluble ions are complex, and zoning should be adopted Pollution prevention and control measures for multi-source control

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