Dynamic Falling of the Chelyabinsk Meteoroid: Sizes, Radiation, and Destruction

IF 0.5 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
L. F. Chernogor, Yu. B. Mylovanov
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to obtain refined altitude–time dependences of radiation intensity and mass of the Chelyabinsk meteoroid during the fall, determine the size of the bolide, and build a model of destruction with an estimate of the fragment distribution parameters by mass. The study into the impact of large celestial bodies on the environment is an urgent task for forecasting environmental consequences. The radiation intensity was calculated using the time dependence of the bolide’s brightness and E. Epic’s empirical formula. The Stefan–Boltzmann law and M. Planck’s formula were used for the radiation model of a perfect black body in a limited range of wavelengths. A method was found to determine the size of the bolide according to published observations from the video recorder. For the construction of the model of continuous fragmentation, an adapted equation of individual fragments' motion was used. Three types of mass distribution of fragments were tested: logarithmically normal, power-law, and uniform. As a result of the numerical simulation, the contribution of radiation energy was determined. It was shown that 21% of the kinetic energy of a meteoroid was spent on radiation. The variations in the mass, altitude–time dependences of the bolide size, and the parameters for different distributions of fragments by mass were calculated. The diameter of the bolide head reached 2 km, and the length of the tail was 3.5–4 km. It was found that the results of fragmentation are described at the initial stage of motion by the power-law distribution, while the distribution is lognormal in denser layers of the atmosphere. The characteristics of the swarm of stone fragments that may have followed the meteoroid were estimated. The length of the swarm reached 30 km, the maximum mass of the swarm was estimated at 400 t, and the radiation energy was 0.6% relative to the initial kinetic energy of the meteoroid.

车里雅宾斯克流星体的动态坠落:大小、辐射和破坏
本文的目的是获得车里雅宾斯克流星体在坠落过程中辐射强度和质量的精确高度-时间依赖关系,确定火流星的大小,并通过质量估计碎片分布参数建立破坏模型。研究大型天体对环境的影响是预测环境后果的一项紧迫任务。辐射强度的计算采用了星团亮度的时间依赖性和E. Epic的经验公式。斯特凡-玻尔兹曼定律和普朗克公式被用于在有限波长范围内建立完美黑体的辐射模型。人们发现了一种方法,可以根据录象机发表的观测结果来确定火流星的大小。为了构建连续破碎模型,采用了自适应的单个碎片运动方程。测试了三种碎片的质量分布:对数正态分布、幂律分布和均匀分布。通过数值模拟,确定了辐射能量的贡献。结果表明,流星体21%的动能用于辐射。计算了碎片质量的变化规律、碎片大小随高度时间的变化规律以及碎片不同质量分布的参数。流星头部直径达到2公里,尾部长度为3.5-4公里。研究发现,碎裂的结果在运动的初始阶段用幂律分布来描述,而在较稠密的大气层中,这种分布是对数正态分布。对可能跟随流星体而来的石头碎片群的特征进行了估计。群的长度达到30 km,估计群的最大质量为400 t,辐射能量相对于流星体的初始动能为0.6%。
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来源期刊
Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies
Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS-
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
40.00%
发文量
24
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Kinematics and Physics of Celestial Bodies is an international peer reviewed journal that publishes original regular and review papers on positional and theoretical astronomy, Earth’s rotation and geodynamics, dynamics and physics of bodies of the Solar System, solar physics, physics of stars and interstellar medium, structure and dynamics of the Galaxy, extragalactic astronomy, atmospheric optics and astronomical climate, instruments and devices, and mathematical processing of astronomical information. The journal welcomes manuscripts from all countries in the English or Russian language.
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