Challenges of Applying Conservation Agriculture in Iran: An Overview on Experts and Farmers’ Perspectives

IF 3.5 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Air Soil and Water Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.1177/1178622120980022

P. Ataei, H. Sadighi, T. Aenis, M. Chizari, E. Abbasi

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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Different countries face diverse challenges for Conservation Agriculture (CA) development. The main purpose of this study was to examine the challenges of applying CA in Iran from the perspective of experts and farmers. A focus group method was used to investigate the challenges. The research sample consisting of farmers and experts of CA in different provinces includes those 19 experts and 15 farmers. Inductive content analysis and coding (open, axial, and selective coding) were employed to analyze the farmers’ and experts’ discussions. The findings showed that the challenges of applying CA in the studied provinces could be divided into 6 general categories: institutional-infrastructure (7 concepts), economic (5 concepts), training-research (2 concepts), environmental (4 concepts), mechanization (2 concepts), and cognitive (2 concepts) challenges. The economic and institutional-infrastructure challenges were the most frequent related to applying CA. It can be concluded that to solve the challenges of applying CA, it is necessary to link various sectors of government (the Ministry of Agriculture), education and research (Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization), and industry together. But farmers themselves are also a major contributor to meet the challenges of CA development through participation in planning CA project and training-extension programs. Therefore, farmers’ communities should also pave the way for a transition from conventional agriculture to CA with their participation.

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伊朗应用保护性农业面临的挑战：专家和农民视角综述

不同的国家在保护性农业发展方面面临着不同的挑战。本研究的主要目的是从专家和农民的角度考察在伊朗应用CA的挑战。采用焦点小组的方法来调查这些挑战。研究样本由不同省份的农民和CA专家组成，包括这19名专家和15名农民。采用归纳内容分析和编码（开放、轴向和选择性编码）来分析农民和专家的讨论。研究结果表明，在所研究的省份应用CA的挑战可分为6大类：机构基础设施（7个概念）、经济（5个概念），培训研究（2个概念）和环境（4个概念）。经济和体制基础设施挑战是与申请CA相关的最常见的挑战。可以得出的结论是，要解决申请CA的挑战，有必要将政府（农业部）、教育和研究（农业研究、教育和推广组织）以及工业的各个部门联系在一起。但农民本身也是应对CA发展挑战的主要贡献者，他们参与了CA项目的规划和培训推广计划。因此，农民社区也应该在他们的参与下为从传统农业向CA的过渡铺平道路。

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来源期刊

Air Soil and Water Research ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-

CiteScore

7.80

自引率

5.30%

发文量

审稿时长

8 weeks

期刊介绍： Air, Soil & Water Research is an open access, peer reviewed international journal covering all areas of research into soil, air and water. The journal looks at each aspect individually, as well as how they interact, with each other and different components of the environment. This includes properties (including physical, chemical, biochemical and biological), analysis, microbiology, chemicals and pollution, consequences for plants and crops, soil hydrology, changes and consequences of change, social issues, and more. The journal welcomes readerships from all fields, but hopes to be particularly profitable to analytical and water chemists and geologists as well as chemical, environmental, petrochemical, water treatment, geophysics and geological engineers. The journal has a multi-disciplinary approach and includes research, results, theory, models, analysis, applications and reviews. Work in lab or field is applicable. Of particular interest are manuscripts relating to environmental concerns. Other possible topics include, but are not limited to: Properties and analysis covering all areas of research into soil, air and water individually as well as how they interact with each other and different components of the environment Soil hydrology and microbiology Changes and consequences of environmental change, chemicals and pollution.