PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI PLASTIK BIODEGRADABLE DARI KOMPOSIT HDPE (HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE) DAN PATI UMBI SUWEG (Amorphophallus campanulatus)

Regina Martha Clarinsa, S. Sutoyo
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

­­Abstrak. Plastik yang berasal dari polimer sintetik menjadi permasalahan lingkungan karena tidak dapat terdegradasi lebih cepat di dalam tanah. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk membuat plastik biodegradable komposit HDPE dengan pati umbi suweg (HDPE-PSW) serta menentukan komposisi terbaik dari campuran HDPE dengan pati umbi suweg yang memiliki sifat biodegradabilitas yang memenuhi standart SNI. Pati diperoleh dari umbi suweg menggunakan metode ekstraksi dengan pelarut air. Proses pembuatan plastik biodegradable dilakukan dengan metode grafting menggunakan pereaksi maleat anhidrida dan bahan pemlastis berupa gliserol. Variasi komposisi massa HDPE dan pati suweg yang digunakan berturut-turut 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, dan 4:6 gram. Sifat biodegradabilitas ditentukan dengan metode Soil Burial Test sedangkan gugus fungsi ditentukan menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR. Dari proses ekstraksi diperoleh pati dengan rendemen 5,25%. Pati diperoleh dalam bentuk serbuk berwarna putih, tidak berbau, sedikit larut dalam air dan etanol, serta menunjukkan hasil positif dengan pereaksi larutan iodium. Hasil uji biodegradasi menunjukkan bahwa plastik komposit HDPE-PSW 6:4 dan 5:5 mendekati standar SNI karena setelah didegradasi selama seminggu menunjukkan persentase degradasi mendekati 60%, yakni masing-masing 58,9% dan 60,6%. Kedua komposisi plastik HDPE-PSW tersebut juga memiliki persentase degradasi mendekati plastik biodegradable komersial Cassaplast (59,4%). Berdasarkan hasil uji FTIR, plastik biodegradable HDPE-PSW memiliki gugus fungsi yang sama dengan plastik HDPE dan pati umbi suweg. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa proses grafting dalam pembuatan plastik biodegradable HDPE-PSW telah terjadi. Kata kunci : Plastik biodegradable, pati umbi suweg, HDPE Abstract. Plastic which derived from synthetic polymers is an environmental problem because it couldn’t easily degradation in the ground. This research is aimed to make the biodegradable plastic composite of HDPE with suweg tuber starch (HDPE-PSW) as well as determining the best composition of HDPE-suweg tuber starch mixture which has biodegradability properties according to SNI standards. Suweg tuber made with ekstraction method which uses water solvent. Biodegradable plastics have been processed using grafting method with maleic anhydride reactant and glycerol plasticizer. The varians mass of HDPE plastic and suweg starch are 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, and 4:6 grams. Biodegradability of biodegradable plastics depend on Soil Burial Test method meanwhile analysis of functional group depend with FTIR spectrophotometer. From the extraction process obtained starch with a yield of 5.25%. Starch was obtained in the form of white powder, odorless, slightly soluble in water and ethanol, and showed positive results with iodine solution reagent. The biodegradation test results showed that the HDPE-PSW plastic composite of 6:4 and 5:5 approached the SNI standard because after being degraded for a week showed the percentage of degradation was approaching 60% ie 58.9% and 60.6%, respectively. The two HDPE-PSW plastic compositions also had a degradation percentage close to Cassaplast's commercial biodegradable plastic (59.4%). Based on the results of the FTIR test, HDPE-PSW biodegradable plastic had the same functional group as HDPE plastic and suweg tuber starch. This showed that the grafting process in the manufacture of biodegradable HDPE-PSW plastic had taken place. ­Key words: Biodegradable plastics, suweg tuber starch, HDPE
HDPE(高密度聚乙烯)和PATI UMBI SUWEG(魔芋)对生物降解塑料的改性及其性能
-摘要。来自合成聚合物的塑料成为一个环境问题,因为它在地下不能更快地降解。本研究旨在用苏威根脐带贴片(HDPE-PSW)制备可生物降解的塑料HDPE复合材料,并确定HDPE与苏威根脐贴片的最佳混合物组成,该混合物具有符合SNI标准的可生物降解性质。必须是使用输水器提取法从suweg脐带中获得的。可生物降解塑料的生产工艺是利用无水和甘油基塑料的马来酸盐作用,通过接枝法进行的。按8:2、7:3、6:4、5:5和4:6克顺序使用的HDPE和suweg补片的质量组成变化。生物降解性能采用土埋试验法测定,功能射流采用FTIR分光光度计测定。从提取过程中获得的平均产率为5.25%。它是在白色无味粉末中获得的,在水和乙醇中稍晚,在碘溶液的作用下显示出积极的结果。生物降解结果表明,HDPE-PSW复合塑料接近SNI标准6:4和5:5,因为经过一周的降解,其降解率接近60%,分别为58.9%和60.6%。这两种HDPE-PSW塑料组合物的降解百分比也接近商业上可生物降解的塑料Cassaplast(59.4%)。根据FTIR测试结果,HDPE-PSW生物可降解塑料与HDPE塑料和suweg脐带贴片具有相同的功能破坏。这表明HDPE-PSW生物可降解塑料生产中的接枝过程已经发生。关键词:生物降解塑料,自推进,HDPE摘要。由合成聚合物制成的塑料是一个环境问题,因为它在地下不容易降解。本研究旨在制备高密度聚乙烯与苏伟块茎淀粉的可生物降解塑料复合材料(HDPE-PSW),并根据SNI标准确定具有生物降解性能的高密度聚乙烯-苏伟块茎-淀粉混合物的最佳组成。苏伟块茎采用水溶剂提取法制成。采用马来酸酐与甘油增塑剂接枝的方法对生物降解塑料进行了加工。HDPE塑料和suweg淀粉的质量分别为8:2、7:3、6:4、5:5和4:6克。生物可降解塑料的生物降解性取决于土葬试验方法,官能团分析取决于FTIR分光光度计。从提取过程中获得淀粉,产率为5.25%。淀粉呈白色粉末状,无臭,微溶于水和乙醇,用碘溶液试剂检测结果呈阳性。生物降解试验结果表明,6:4和5:5的HDPE-PSW塑料复合材料接近SNI标准,因为降解一周后,降解率分别接近60%,即58.9%和60.6%。两种HDPE-PSW塑料组合物的降解率也接近Cassaplast的商业可生物降解塑料(59.4%)。根据FTIR测试结果,HDPE-PSW-生物降解塑料具有与HDPE塑料和suweg块茎淀粉相同的官能团。这表明在可生物降解HDPE-PSW塑料的制造中已经发生了接枝过程。-关键词:可生物降解塑料,苏伟块茎淀粉,HDPE
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