Phylogeny and systematics of Sphaeriusidae (Coleoptera: Myxophaga): minute living fossils with underestimated past and present-day diversity

IF 4.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 ENTOMOLOGY
Martin Fikáček, Shûhei Yamamoto, Keita Matsumoto, Rolf G. Beutel, David R. Maddison
{"title":"Phylogeny and systematics of Sphaeriusidae (Coleoptera: Myxophaga): minute living fossils with underestimated past and present-day diversity","authors":"Martin Fikáček,&nbsp;Shûhei Yamamoto,&nbsp;Keita Matsumoto,&nbsp;Rolf G. Beutel,&nbsp;David R. Maddison","doi":"10.1111/syen.12571","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sphaeriusidae (Coleoptera: Myxophaga) is a group of shiny, blackish and hemispherical riparian beetles, known for their miniaturized bodies. They are worldwide in distribution, but very limited information is available about taxonomic and morphological diversity, and natural and evolutionary history. The aim of this study is to help fill in these gaps. We examined the external morphology of modern representatives using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and reconstructed the phylogeny of the family using five DNA markers (cytochrome oxidase I, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, CAD and wingless). Our results suggest a larger morphological diversity than previously expected, corresponding to the deep genetic divergences of principal lineages. We also examined two inclusions in 99-million-year-old Burmese amber. The integration of all evidence allows us to recognize three genera: the extinct genus †<i>Burmasporum</i> Kirejtshuk, the newly defined genus <i>Bezesporum</i> <b>gen.nov.</b> preserved in Burmese amber (<i>B. burmiticum</i> <b>sp.nov.</b>) and present in the modern fauna of Southeast Asia, and the genus <i>Sphaerius</i> Waltl with a world-wide distribution. <i>Sphaerius</i> species are morphologically highly uniform, with the exception of species from Australia and South Africa, which share some characteristics with <i>Bezesporum</i> <b>gen.nov.</b> despite being resolved as deeply nested lineages of <i>Sphaerius</i> by DNA data. The presence of <i>Bezesporum</i> <b>gen.nov.</b> in Burmese amber and in recent fauna indicates that Sphaeriusidae largely maintained their specific morphology and specialized riparian lifestyle for at least 100 million years. Therefore, they can be considered an exceptionally conserved group, with a minimum of evolutionary changes over a long period. Our study also demonstrates that the species numbers and fine-scale morphological diversity of Sphaeriusidae are larger than expected in both the past and present-day faunas. Both were apparently underestimated due to the minute body size and cryptic habits of these beetles.</p>","PeriodicalId":22126,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"4","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Systematic Entomology","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/syen.12571","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENTOMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4

Abstract

Sphaeriusidae (Coleoptera: Myxophaga) is a group of shiny, blackish and hemispherical riparian beetles, known for their miniaturized bodies. They are worldwide in distribution, but very limited information is available about taxonomic and morphological diversity, and natural and evolutionary history. The aim of this study is to help fill in these gaps. We examined the external morphology of modern representatives using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and reconstructed the phylogeny of the family using five DNA markers (cytochrome oxidase I, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, CAD and wingless). Our results suggest a larger morphological diversity than previously expected, corresponding to the deep genetic divergences of principal lineages. We also examined two inclusions in 99-million-year-old Burmese amber. The integration of all evidence allows us to recognize three genera: the extinct genus †Burmasporum Kirejtshuk, the newly defined genus Bezesporum gen.nov. preserved in Burmese amber (B. burmiticum sp.nov.) and present in the modern fauna of Southeast Asia, and the genus Sphaerius Waltl with a world-wide distribution. Sphaerius species are morphologically highly uniform, with the exception of species from Australia and South Africa, which share some characteristics with Bezesporum gen.nov. despite being resolved as deeply nested lineages of Sphaerius by DNA data. The presence of Bezesporum gen.nov. in Burmese amber and in recent fauna indicates that Sphaeriusidae largely maintained their specific morphology and specialized riparian lifestyle for at least 100 million years. Therefore, they can be considered an exceptionally conserved group, with a minimum of evolutionary changes over a long period. Our study also demonstrates that the species numbers and fine-scale morphological diversity of Sphaeriusidae are larger than expected in both the past and present-day faunas. Both were apparently underestimated due to the minute body size and cryptic habits of these beetles.

Abstract Image

球蝗科(鞘翅目:粘蝗目)的系统发育和系统分类学:微小的活化石与被低估的过去和现在的多样性
鞘翅目(鞘翅目:Myxophaga)是一群有光泽、黑色、半球形的河岸甲虫,以其小型化的身体而闻名。它们分布在世界各地,但关于分类学和形态学多样性以及自然和进化史的信息非常有限。这项研究的目的是帮助填补这些空白。我们使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)检查了现代代表的外部形态,并使用五种DNA标记(细胞色素氧化酶I、18S rRNA、28S rRNA,CAD和无翅)重建了该家族的系统发育。我们的研究结果表明,形态多样性比之前预期的要大,这与主要谱系的深层遗传差异相对应。我们还检查了9900万年前缅甸琥珀中的两个内含物。综合所有证据,我们可以识别出三个属:已灭绝的†Burmasporum Kirejtshuk属,保存在缅甸琥珀中并存在于东南亚现代动物群中的新定义的Bezesporum gen.nov.属,以及分布在世界各地的Sphaerius Walter属。Sphaerius物种在形态上高度一致,但来自澳大利亚和南非的物种除外,它们与Bezesporum gen.nov有一些共同的特征。尽管DNA数据将其解析为Sphaeris的深度嵌套谱系。Bezesporum gen.nov.在缅甸琥珀和最近的动物群中的存在表明,Sphaeriusidae在至少1亿年的时间里基本上保持了其特定的形态和特殊的河岸生活方式。因此,它们可以被认为是一个异常保守的群体,在很长一段时间内进化变化最小。我们的研究还表明,在过去和现在的动物群中,鞘翅目的物种数量和精细形态多样性都比预期的要大。由于这些甲虫微小的体型和隐秘的习性,两者显然都被低估了。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Systematic Entomology
Systematic Entomology 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
8.30%
发文量
49
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Systematic Entomology publishes original papers on insect systematics, phylogenetics and integrative taxonomy, with a preference for general interest papers of broad biological, evolutionary or zoogeographical relevance.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信