A Gap in Time: Extending our Knowledge of Temporal Processing Deficits in the HIV-1 Transgenic Rat.

IF 5.2 3区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES
Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology Pub Date : 2017-03-01 Epub Date: 2016-10-03 DOI:10.1007/s11481-016-9711-8
Kristen A McLaurin, Landhing M Moran, Hailong Li, Rosemarie M Booze, Charles F Mactutus
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引用次数: 19

Abstract

Approximately 50 % of HIV-1 seropositive individuals develop HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which commonly include alterations in executive functions, such as inhibition, set shifting, and complex problem solving. Executive function deficits in HIV-1 are fairly well characterized, however, relatively few studies have explored the elemental dimensions of neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1. Deficits in temporal processing, caused by HIV-1, may underlie the symptoms of impairment in higher level cognitive processes. Translational measures of temporal processing, including cross-modal prepulse inhibition (PPI), gap-prepulse inhibition (gap-PPI), and gap threshold detection, were studied in mature (ovariectomized) female HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rats, which express 7 of the 9 HIV-1 genes constitutively throughout development. Cross-modal PPI revealed a relative insensitivity to the manipulation of interstimulus interval (ISI) in HIV-1 Tg animals in comparison to control animals, extending previously reported temporal processing deficits in HIV-1 Tg rats to a more advanced age, suggesting the permanence of temporal processing deficits. In gap-PPI, HIV-1 Tg animals exhibited a relative insensitivity to the manipulation of ISI in comparison to control animals. In gap-threshold detection, HIV-1 Tg animals displayed a profound differential sensitivity to the manipulation of gap duration. Presence of the HIV-1 transgene was diagnosed with 91.1 % accuracy using gap threshold detection measures. Understanding the generality and permanence of temporal processing deficits in the HIV-1 Tg rat is vital to modeling neurocognitive deficits observed in HAND and provides a key target for the development of a diagnostic screening tool.

时间上的差距:扩展我们对HIV-1转基因大鼠时间加工缺陷的认识
大约50%的HIV-1血清阳性个体发展为HIV-1相关的神经认知障碍(HAND),通常包括执行功能的改变,如抑制、集合转移和复杂问题解决能力。HIV-1的执行功能缺陷已经被很好地表征,然而,相对较少的研究探索了HIV-1神经认知障碍的基本维度。由HIV-1引起的时间加工缺陷可能是高级认知过程受损症状的基础。在成熟(去卵巢)雌性HIV-1转基因(Tg)大鼠中研究了时间加工的翻译措施,包括跨模态预脉冲抑制(PPI)、间隙-预脉冲抑制(gap-PPI)和间隙阈值检测,这些大鼠在整个发育过程中组成性地表达9个HIV-1基因中的7个。跨模态PPI显示,与对照动物相比,HIV-1 Tg动物对间刺激间隔(ISI)的操纵相对不敏感,将先前报道的HIV-1 Tg大鼠的时间加工缺陷延长到更大的年龄,表明时间加工缺陷是永久性的。在gap-PPI中,与对照动物相比,HIV-1 Tg动物对ISI的操纵表现出相对不敏感。在间隙阈值检测中,HIV-1 Tg动物对间隙持续时间的操纵表现出深刻的差异敏感性。使用间隙阈值检测方法诊断HIV-1转基因的准确率为91.1%。了解HIV-1 Tg大鼠时间加工缺陷的普遍性和持久性对于模拟HAND中观察到的神经认知缺陷至关重要,并为开发诊断筛查工具提供了关键目标。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
13.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The aims of the Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology are to promote the dissemination, interest, and exchange of new and important discoveries for the pharmacology and immunology of the nervous system. The aims parallel that of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology by increasing the fundamental understanding of neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders affected by the immune system or vice versa and towards pharmacologic measures that lead, either to a better understanding of disease mechanisms, or by improving disease outcomes. The scope of JNIP includes all primary works and reviews into the etiology, prevention, and treatment of neuroimmune and nervous system diseases affected by disordered immunity. Original studies serving to define neuroimmune modulation of environmental or endogenous cues such as toxins and drugs of abuse, hormones, and cytokines are welcome. JNIP will serve as a reliable source of interdisciplinary information bridging the fields of pharmacology, immunology, and neuroscience.
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