Gut Microbiota and Host Nuclear Receptors Signalling

H. Ranhotra
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Systemic homeostasis in animals is maintained by a network of complex signalling pathways involving several kinds of endogenous molecules/metabolites. Over the years, the role of microbiota present in the digestive tract in animal physiology has been under focus and path-breaking findings have been reported. It seems that the gut microbiota has an influence in perhaps almost all the physiological functions, including the central nervous system in animals. The means by which the microbiota impinges control on the host system biology is manifold and complex. However, one of the mechanisms involve microbiota-derived metabolites that functions as ligands to modulate host tissue gene expression via the nuclear receptors (NRs), which is a novel way of exerting control over the host physiology. Few of the host NRs, such as the pregnane X receptor (PXR), farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) gene transcriptional activities have been demonstrated to be modulated by the binding of microbial-secreted metabolites acting as ligands. Such interactions control vital functions in the host such as intestinal epithelial barrier protection, immune tolerance and anti-inflammatory responses. In this article, recent important findings in understanding gut microbiota-derived metabolites and select host NRs signalling will be briefly reviewed.
肠道微生物群与宿主核受体信号传导
动物的系统稳态是由涉及几种内源性分子/代谢产物的复杂信号通路网络维持的。多年来,消化道中微生物群在动物生理学中的作用一直备受关注,并有突破性的发现报告。肠道微生物群似乎对几乎所有的生理功能都有影响,包括动物的中枢神经系统。微生物群影响宿主系统生物学控制的方式是多种多样且复杂的。然而,其中一种机制涉及微生物群衍生的代谢产物,其作为配体通过核受体(NRs)调节宿主组织基因表达,这是一种控制宿主生理的新方式。很少的宿主NRs,如孕烷X受体(PXR)、法尼糖样X受体(FXR)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARs)基因转录活性已被证明通过作为配体的微生物分泌代谢产物的结合来调节。这种相互作用控制着宿主的重要功能,如肠上皮屏障保护、免疫耐受和抗炎反应。在这篇文章中,将简要回顾最近在理解肠道微生物群衍生代谢产物和选择宿主NRs信号传导方面的重要发现。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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