Characterisation of harvest residues on New Zealand’s steepland plantation cutovers

IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY
Campbell Harvey, R. Visser
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Background: Timber harvesting in New Zealand’s plantation forests results in relatively large volumes of woody residues being generated. While a proportion of these residues are concentrated at the landings where the trees are processed, the majority of residues are distributed throughout the cutover. Harvest residues present a biomass market opportunity, however managing un-merchantable residues remains essential as the material can present a mass mobilisation risk. Quantifying cutover residues in terms of volume provides an important step for marketing and for improving post-harvest management. Methods: A refined Line Intersect Sampling (LIS) method was used to measure the cutover residues at 17 recently harvested steepland sites. These covered a range of whole tree harvesting systems, silviculture and geographical locations. The harvesting sites varied in size from 2.3 to 41.1 ha, with an average of 11x 60 m LIS transect plots completed at each site. Woody harvest residues >25 mm in diameter were measured. Results: The median volume of woody residues was 88 m3/ha, ranging from 0 m3/ha in an area swept bare, up to 580 m3/ha in an area severely impacted by windthrow prior to harvest. A distribution of volumes by plot showed a positive skew with an interquartile range of 87 m3/ha. Timber that was considered merchantable as a log at the time of harvest, being >10 cm in small end diameter and >4 m in length, accounted for a median of 11 m3/ha. Residues >10 cm in small end diameter and >80 cm in length that could make a viable biomass product, described as ‘binwood’, accounted for a further 19 m3/ha at the median. Cutovers harvested with cable-based systems had greater median total residue volumes than those harvested with ground-based systems (110 m3/ha versus 68 m3/ha) however the felling method employed made no significant difference to total residue volumes. Conclusions: This study provides cutover residue measurements that can be used to improve post-harvest management, as both a substantial opportunity for improved crop utilisation and also for reducing mobilisation risk. It also provides a contemporary benchmark against which to measure change as harvesting technology or methodology develops.
新西兰坡地种植割草地上收获残留物的特征
背景:新西兰人工林的木材采伐导致产生相对大量的木质残留物。虽然这些残留物的一部分集中在树木加工的着陆处,但大多数残留物分布在整个割地。收获残留物提供了生物质市场机会,但管理不可销售的残留物仍然至关重要,因为该材料可能存在大规模动员风险。从数量上量化割草残留物为营销和改进收获后管理提供了重要的一步。方法:采用改良的直线交叉抽样(LIS)方法对17个近期收获的陡坡地的割草残留物进行测量。这些措施涵盖了一系列整树采伐系统、造林和地理位置。收获地点的面积从2.3公顷到41.1公顷不等,每个地点平均完成11 x 60米的LIS样带。测量直径大于25mm的木质收获残留物。结果:木质残留物的中位体积为88立方米/公顷,从裸露地区的0立方米/公顷到收获前受风吹严重影响地区的580立方米/公顷不等。按地块划分的体积分布显示出正偏斜,四分位间距为87 m3/ha。采伐时被视为可作为原木出售的木材,小端直径>10厘米,长度>4米,平均占11立方米/公顷。小端直径>10厘米、长度>80厘米的残留物可以制成可行的生物质产品,被称为“垃圾木”,在中位数处又占了19立方米/公顷。与地面系统相比,使用电缆系统收获的路堑的中值总残留量更大(110 m3/ha与68 m3/ha),但所采用的砍伐方法对总残留量没有显著差异。结论:这项研究提供了可用于改善收获后管理的割草残留物测量,这既是提高作物利用率的重要机会,也是降低动员风险的重要机会。它还提供了一个当代基准,用来衡量收割技术或方法发展过程中的变化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.20
自引率
13.30%
发文量
20
审稿时长
39 weeks
期刊介绍: The New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science is an international journal covering the breadth of forestry science. Planted forests are a particular focus but manuscripts on a wide range of forestry topics will also be considered. The journal''s scope covers forestry species, which are those capable of reaching at least five metres in height at maturity in the place they are located, but not grown or managed primarily for fruit or nut production.
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