Shilong Jiang, Jianglei Xiong, Song Cheng, Jiashun Cao, Runbo Yuan
{"title":"A modified spectrophotometric method for selective determination of trace urea: application in the production process of ultrapure water","authors":"Shilong Jiang, Jianglei Xiong, Song Cheng, Jiashun Cao, Runbo Yuan","doi":"10.2166/wrd.2022.036","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"\n Conventional spectrophotometric methods were unable to accurately detect urea concentrations below 100 μg/L. A modified spectrophotometric method was developed to determine the trace urea in the ultrapure water (UPW) production process of the semiconductor manufacturing industry. This method was optimized based on the dosage of chemical agents, length of the optical path, and mode of the water bath. Metal ions were added to promote the stability of the chromogenic system. A calibration graph was observed with ideal linearity in the range of 0.8–100 μg/L. The detection and quantification limits of urea were 0.24 and 0.80 μg/L, respectively. The distribution of urea in raw water for the UPW production process was observed and the urea in tap water was 10–20 μg/L. The urea of municipal reclaimed water was 24–40 μg/L, which was twice that of industrial reclaimed water at 10–18 μg/L. The total removal rate of urea by the UPW production process was 50–70%. Reverse osmosis membranes played a critical role in the removal of urea (over 30%). The urea in the final UPW produced from tap water was approximately 4.1 μg/L, which creates a potential risk of excessive total organic carbon.","PeriodicalId":17556,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"5","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2022.036","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Environmental Science","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Abstract
Conventional spectrophotometric methods were unable to accurately detect urea concentrations below 100 μg/L. A modified spectrophotometric method was developed to determine the trace urea in the ultrapure water (UPW) production process of the semiconductor manufacturing industry. This method was optimized based on the dosage of chemical agents, length of the optical path, and mode of the water bath. Metal ions were added to promote the stability of the chromogenic system. A calibration graph was observed with ideal linearity in the range of 0.8–100 μg/L. The detection and quantification limits of urea were 0.24 and 0.80 μg/L, respectively. The distribution of urea in raw water for the UPW production process was observed and the urea in tap water was 10–20 μg/L. The urea of municipal reclaimed water was 24–40 μg/L, which was twice that of industrial reclaimed water at 10–18 μg/L. The total removal rate of urea by the UPW production process was 50–70%. Reverse osmosis membranes played a critical role in the removal of urea (over 30%). The urea in the final UPW produced from tap water was approximately 4.1 μg/L, which creates a potential risk of excessive total organic carbon.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination publishes refereed review articles, theoretical and experimental research papers, new findings and issues of unplanned and planned reuse. The journal welcomes contributions from developing and developed countries.