{"title":"El simulacro de documental etnográfico de Jonathas de Andrade: la fabricación de un mito estratégico","authors":"Laura Balán","doi":"10.1080/17442222.2020.1866257","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT I use the artwork O Peixe by Jonathas de Andrade (2016) to analyze how a mock ethnographic documentary operates by faking the recuperation of an ancestral ritual of anthropological significance. De Andrade denaturalizes the tropes with which Otherness and historical narratives have been constructed and shows how 'Latin America' sponsored the manufacture of an identity of 'indigenous peoples' and 'blacks,' which was domesticated and prepared for museum display, as part of the Nation-State project. In Brazil, those 'differences' were depoliticized with a discourse of 'racial democracy' and 'multiculturalism.' The artwork challenges the spectator by appropriating and mobilizing essentialist categories anchored in the 'culture'/'race'/'ethnicity' used to classify the allegedly 'non-Western' population even within the national territory under subalternizing ends. O Peixe offers a path of experiential knowledge and promotes an ethnography at the time of its projection. The fishermen embody, in a parodic performance, an archetypal myth by which they are dreamt challenging their objectification. They look back at the spectator, refusing to be subjugated and forging alternative stories by following the traces of cut lineages. In doing so, they show a being that since colonial times has been 'modern in another way,' globalized and always hybrid, 'cannibal,' 'impure.'Tomaremos la obra O Peixe de Jonathas de Andrade (2016) para observar cómo actúa un simulacro de documental etnográfico que falsea el rescate de un ritual ancestral de interés antropológico. De Andrade desnaturaliza soportes con los que se ha construido la alteridad y el relato histórico y pone en presencia cómo ‘Latinoamérica’ patrocinó la museificación identitaria de ‘indígenas’ y ‘negros’ para domesticarlos como parte del proyecto de Estado-nación, ‘diferencias’ que más tarde en Brasil se pretendieron (también) despolitizar bajo la fórmula de la ‘democracia racial’ y el ‘multiculturalismo.’ Interpela al espectador apropiándose y movilizando categorías esencialistas ancladas en la ‘cultura’/’raza’/‘etnia’ que habitúan ser usadas para clasificar a parte de la población pretendidamente ‘no occidental’ -aún dentro del territorio nacional- bajo fines subalternizantes. O Peixe ofrece un camino de conocimiento experiencial y promueve etnografiar su visualización. Los pescadores, al encarnar -en un performance paródico- un mito arquetípico con el que se los sueña, trastocan su objetualización para devolver una mirada que no se deja subyugar, que retoma linajes cortados y gesta historias alternativas mostrando un ser que desde tiempos de la colonia fue ‘moderno de otra manera,’ globalizado y, desde siempre, híbrido, ‘caníbal,’ ‘impuro.’","PeriodicalId":35038,"journal":{"name":"Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"392 - 409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6000,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17442222.2020.1866257","citationCount":"3","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17442222.2020.1866257","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ETHNIC STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Abstract
ABSTRACT I use the artwork O Peixe by Jonathas de Andrade (2016) to analyze how a mock ethnographic documentary operates by faking the recuperation of an ancestral ritual of anthropological significance. De Andrade denaturalizes the tropes with which Otherness and historical narratives have been constructed and shows how 'Latin America' sponsored the manufacture of an identity of 'indigenous peoples' and 'blacks,' which was domesticated and prepared for museum display, as part of the Nation-State project. In Brazil, those 'differences' were depoliticized with a discourse of 'racial democracy' and 'multiculturalism.' The artwork challenges the spectator by appropriating and mobilizing essentialist categories anchored in the 'culture'/'race'/'ethnicity' used to classify the allegedly 'non-Western' population even within the national territory under subalternizing ends. O Peixe offers a path of experiential knowledge and promotes an ethnography at the time of its projection. The fishermen embody, in a parodic performance, an archetypal myth by which they are dreamt challenging their objectification. They look back at the spectator, refusing to be subjugated and forging alternative stories by following the traces of cut lineages. In doing so, they show a being that since colonial times has been 'modern in another way,' globalized and always hybrid, 'cannibal,' 'impure.'Tomaremos la obra O Peixe de Jonathas de Andrade (2016) para observar cómo actúa un simulacro de documental etnográfico que falsea el rescate de un ritual ancestral de interés antropológico. De Andrade desnaturaliza soportes con los que se ha construido la alteridad y el relato histórico y pone en presencia cómo ‘Latinoamérica’ patrocinó la museificación identitaria de ‘indígenas’ y ‘negros’ para domesticarlos como parte del proyecto de Estado-nación, ‘diferencias’ que más tarde en Brasil se pretendieron (también) despolitizar bajo la fórmula de la ‘democracia racial’ y el ‘multiculturalismo.’ Interpela al espectador apropiándose y movilizando categorías esencialistas ancladas en la ‘cultura’/’raza’/‘etnia’ que habitúan ser usadas para clasificar a parte de la población pretendidamente ‘no occidental’ -aún dentro del territorio nacional- bajo fines subalternizantes. O Peixe ofrece un camino de conocimiento experiencial y promueve etnografiar su visualización. Los pescadores, al encarnar -en un performance paródico- un mito arquetípico con el que se los sueña, trastocan su objetualización para devolver una mirada que no se deja subyugar, que retoma linajes cortados y gesta historias alternativas mostrando un ser que desde tiempos de la colonia fue ‘moderno de otra manera,’ globalizado y, desde siempre, híbrido, ‘caníbal,’ ‘impuro.’