Elemental impact on antibacterial study of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Belosynapsis vivipara

Abstract

Belosynapsis vivipara (Dalzell) C.E.C. Fisch. (F: Commelinaceae) is one of the rare plant species located throughout Western Ghats regions including Karnataka. Though the plant was described earlier but traditional uses and scientific evidences are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to identify the elemental content and to determine antibacterial potentiality of Belosynapsis vivipara (Bv) ethanol leaves extract. Shade dried powdered material of BV leaves was estimated for elemental content using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) followed by extraction by ethanol solvent (80%) in Soxhlet apparatus for 13 hrs at 45 °C. Extract was further used for anti-bacterial screening. In vitro antibacterial studies on the leaf extracts (25, 50 and 75 µg/ml) were carried out on medically important micro-organisms of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pyogenes (Gram positive) against standard Ampicillin (25 µg/ml). The powdered drug showed the presence of zinc, and Copper in high amount less content of iron, whereas very less content of Nickel and Cobalt and absence of lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of chemical constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, phyto sterols, saponins and phenolics. Furthermore, ethanol leaves extract of BV showed broad spectrum antibacterial efficacy against both Gram positive and Gram-negative microorganism along with the dose dependency effects.  Antibacterial activity was correlated with the elements and showed positive correlation. Finally, Belosynapsis vivipara (Dalzell) C.E.C. Fisch. leaves were established as an effective source against strong bacterial infection.