Reciprocity as Security: Reconsidering Third Country Access to European Critical Infrastructure Procurement

Nathan Meershoek
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Abstract

EU public procurement law provides different options for preventing geopolitically undesirable dependency on third country suppliers in critical infrastructure. Their effectiveness solely depends, however, on the willingness of national authorities to use those. Recently, the EU therefore adopted the International Procurement Instrument (IPI) Regulation, within the sphere of the Common Commercial Policy (CCP), to condition the access to public contracts for third country entities on reciprocity. This article explores the security dimension of this issue. After generally considering the role of sovereignty as a limit to international trade, the article specifies the security risks which may arise in a public procurement context and sets out the legal options for Member States to address those. The article then discusses how security intrinsically shapes CCP instruments and how the new regulation could indicate a shift in the EU’s role, from facilitating legal options for Member States, towards the Commission itself restricting the market access for certain third countries. Although such bans ought to be based on a lack of reciprocity rather than security, in times of weaponized dependencies the security dimension is undeniable. When considering interdependence as a stabilizing force in international relations, reciprocity itself has in fact become a security objective. EU law, Public Procurement, National Security, Critical Infrastructure, Common Commercial Policy, International Procurement Instrument, Economic Interdependence, Sovereignty, World Trade Organization, Government Procurement Agreement
互惠作为安全:重新考虑第三国对欧洲关键基础设施采购的准入
欧盟公共采购法为防止在关键基础设施上依赖第三国供应商提供了不同的选择,这在地缘政治上是不可取的。然而,它们的有效性完全取决于国家当局是否愿意使用它们。因此,最近,欧盟在共同商业政策(CCP)范围内通过了《国际采购工具条例》(IPI),以互惠原则为第三国实体获得公共合同的条件。本文将探讨这个问题的安全方面。在一般性地考虑了主权作为国际贸易限制的作用之后,该条具体说明了在公共采购方面可能产生的安全风险,并列出了会员国解决这些风险的法律选择。然后,文章讨论了安全本质上如何塑造CCP工具,以及新法规如何表明欧盟角色的转变,从促进成员国的法律选择,到委员会本身限制某些第三国的市场准入。虽然这种禁令应该建立在缺乏互惠而不是安全的基础上,但在依赖武器化的时代,安全方面是不可否认的。考虑到相互依存是国际关系中的一种稳定力量,互惠本身实际上已成为一种安全目标。欧盟法、公共采购、国家安全、关键基础设施、共同商业政策、国际采购工具、经济相互依存、主权、世界贸易组织、政府采购协定
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CiteScore
1.70
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