K otázce vývoje a rozšíření pokliček a tzv. pokliček-misek v keramických okruzích střední Evropy ve středověku / Zur Frage der Entwicklung und Verbreitung von Deckeln und sogenannten Deckeln-Schüsseln in den mitteleuropäischen Keramikkreisen im Mittelalter

Abstract

On the Issue of the Development and Spread of Lids and “Lid-Bowls” in the Pottery Circles of Medieval Central Europe The emergence and development of lids in the Czech lands in the 12th–14th century was part of the transformation of central European pottery. At the beginning of this process was a vessel with domestic origins and for which on the general level we cannot rule out a dual function – the “lid/bowl”. A variety of types of lids are encountered during the 13th century and their origins can be traced to the neighbouring German-speaking lands. The basic types of lids took shape in the 10th–12th century in south Germany, from where they spread around Bohemian-Moravian territory, where they arrived during the 13th century from neighbouring lands. In outlying areas (Austria, Saxony), the number of types was reduced to one or two main forms, which were also used the most in the Czech lands. It appears that lids emerged from the need to improve the process of food preparation. In several border areas and trade centres inclusive Prague, the transformation led from the late 12th century to the beginning of the 13th century to the advent of a specific habit and hybrid identity in the population that was also reflected in some components of material culture, including ceramics. Innovation in the field of ceramics took two main forms, and, among other things, the end of the transformation process in ceramics in the 14th century led to the predominance of bell-shaped lids throughout Bohemia and Moravia.