DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE

Abstract

High cardiovascular mortality (CVD) determines the relevance of their effective primary and secondary preventive measures, based on the principles of a clinical-epideomyological approach and the isolation of risk factors (RFs). Until now, CVD have been the leading cause of deterioration in the demographic indicators of the population of all countries. According to WHO, they account for up to 31 % of deaths and up to 59 % of deaths. Adherence to the principles of a healthy lifestyle, a reduction of the main RFs at the population level can prevent up to 80 % of the premature CVD deaths. At the same time, clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis can arise in the absence of “classic” RFs. To improve CVD prediction results the possibility of using additional criteria, the so-called “new” RFs, is being studied. They include the accumulation of final products of glycation, insulin resistance, obesity and hyperhomocysteinemia. Insulin resistance and hyperhomocysteinemia are thougth to be of the most value for their integration in “classic” RFs of atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis in the diagnosis of CVD and assessing individual prognosis.Thus, the risk of CVD increases under the influence of a huge number of different genetic, anatomical, physiological,biochemical, psychoemotional factors, and the identification of markers for the development of CVD is an urgent problem of modern health care.