Dviskiemenių daiktavardžių kirčiavimo modeliai pietų aukštaičių patarmėje

Abstract

The article provides an analysis of the accentuation of disyllabic nouns in the Southern Aukstaitian (SAuk) dialect spoken in Southern Lithuania (Alytus, Lazdijai, Varėna, Salcininkai, Druskininkai and Trakai districts). The term pietų aukstaiciai (southern Aukstaitians) was coined by scholars; because of certain phonetic peculiarities of the dialect, the inhabitants of southern Lithuania consider themselves to be dzūkai (Dzūkians). The SAuk has been of special interest to both dialectologists and Baltic language specialists for a long time. The archaic grammatical forms, syntactic constructions, phonetic, accentual and lexical peculiarities that are features of these dialects are intertwined with new phenomena and thus reveal many stages of the development of the dialect of the Southern Aukstaitians, which in turn can be of help in finding answers to some unanswered questions about the development and usage of language. For this reason more attention and research has been devoted to the SAuk dialect and its broader connections with language as a whole. The article analyses the tendencies of the accentuation parallels of disyllabic nouns with ā, ē, a and ia1 stems in the SAuk dialect. Drawing on audio and written sources dating from 1952–2015, the spread of the accentuation variants of the words and their forms in the same subdialect, separate subdialects and/or their groups are discussed; the accentuation patterns of disyllabic nouns with the productive ā, ē, a and ia1 stems that are stressed in various ways are described, and the nature of their prevalence in the area of the dialect is established. The study uses quantitative, geolinguistic and comparative methods. Upon completion of the research three important things were established. Firstly, the area with the largest number of variously stressed ā, ē, a and ia1 disyllabic words and their forms in the same subdialect is the same, which is a comparatively small part of the southwestern area of the SAuk subdialects. Secondly, when it comes to the different frequency and intensity of the usage of the variants that are characteristic of the declension of feminine and masculine gender word stems in the same subdialect in the entire area of the SAuk dialect, parallel forms of ā and ē stem words have been observed considerably less frequently than the a and ia1 stem variants. Thirdly, the number of parallel forms of the accentuation of noun stems in the same subdialect and in the speech of the informant decreases unevenly as one moves from the southwest of the country towards the north. Furthermore, the accentuation variants of feminine nouns are used in a smaller area than those of masculine nouns.