Effect of Heat Killed Probiotic and Wheat Bran on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Hemodialysis Children

Abstract

Patients with renal disease usually have impaired intestinal microbiome. It is suggested that almost two thirds of individuals with uremia have abnormalities in the gastrointestinal mucosa and a disequilibrium in the intestinal ecosystem [1]. The incidence of GI symptoms can largely be attributed to the underlying conditions, such as increased level of uremic toxin, the effect of dialysis, lifestyle change, or the medications required for treatment [2], the most common gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with renal failure include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea [3].