Adaptación transcultural del instrumento Orthognathic Quality of Life questionnaire al español para el estudio de la calidad de vida de pacientes con anomalías dentofaciales. Fase I

Abstract

espanolAntecedentes. La cirugia ortognatica es una opcion terapeutica que busca parametros de simetria, funcion masticatoria, respiratoria, e indirectamente mejorar el estado emocional de pacientes con anomalias dentofaciales. El instrumento Orthognathic Quality Of Life Questionnaire ( OQLQ) permite realizar una evaluacion subjetiva amplia y del nivel de calidad de vida pre y postquirurgica, por lo que es necesario realizar el proceso de traduccion al espanol y la adaptacion cultural al contexto colombiano. Metodos. Posterior a la autorizacion del autor original se realizaron traducciones directas, obtencion de una version preliminar, traducciones inversas y una prueba piloto con 15 pacientes colombianos, mayores de 16 anos, con anomalia dentofacial que asistieron al hospital de San Jose. Se aplico la metodologia del grupo de calidad de la European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) para garantizar que la version en espanol de la escala sea equivalente conceptualmente a la original. Resultados. Las traducciones directas fueron consistentes, sin embargo, se hicieron ajustes para obtener la version preliminar; las traducciones inversas fueron similares a la version original de la escala. La prueba piloto, realizada en una muestra heterogenea de 15 pacientes, llevo al ajuste de la sintaxis de un item. De esta manera se obtuvo la version en espanol del cuestionario que en fase posterior se validara. Conclusiones. La realizacion de este estudio permitio la adaptacion de un cuestionario entendible en el contexto colombiano, garantizando una equivalencia linguistica y conceptual entre esta version y la version original. EnglishIntroduction: Orthognathic surgery is a therapeutic option that seeks parameters of symmetry, masticatory function, breathing, and improves the emotional state of patients with dentofacial anomalies. The questionnaire Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) allows to make a subjective evaluation and the leve! of quality of life before and after surgery, so it is necessary to perform the translation into Spanish and the cultural adaptation to the Co!ombian context. Methods: After the authorization of the original author, direct translations were made obtaining a preliminary version, reverse translations and a pilot test was accomplished with 15 Colombian patients over 16 years of age with a dentofacial anomaly who attended the San Jose hospital in Bogota. The methodology of the quality group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) was applied to ensure that the Spanish version of the scale is conceptually equivalent to the original. Results: The direct translations were consistent, however, adjustments were made to obtain the preliminary version; the inverse translations were similar to the original version of the scale. The pilot test, carried out on a heterogeneous sample of 15 patients led to the adjustment of the syntax of one item. In this way, the Spanish version of the questionnaire was obtained. Conclusion: The realization of this study allowed the adaptation of an understandable questionnaire in the Colombian context, guaranteeing a linguistic and conceptual equivalence between this version and the original version.