The 1815 Tambora eruption: Its significance to the understanding of large-explosion caldera formations

IF 0.5 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
I. Yokoyama
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Volcanic calderas, plentiful on the Earth and the moon, have been of much interest to volcanologists because of their large dimensions and extensive volumes of ejecta. Here, we consider the dynamics of caldera-forming by major explosive eruptions, examining how the breakdown of the earth's surface is caused by violent igneous activity. This leads to the definition of “typical explosion caldera”, which is a prototype of several newly-formed calderas in the historical timescale. There are three examples of such calderas: Tambora (Sumbawa), Krakatau (Sunda Straits), and Novarupta (Alaska). Tam- bora Caldera is the best example of a well-documented, recently formed typical explosion caldera, with no significant subsequent eruptions occurring after its formation. The subsurface structure of Tambora Caldera is discussed and compared to the 1883 eruption of Krakatau, the second largest eruption in historical times. Then, contrasting with the typically basaltic “collapse-type” calderas, a “Tambora-caldera type” is defined as a large “explosion-type” caldera, that may reach up to 10 km in diameter. The Tambora- type caldera concept is useful to qualify and understand the structure and components of other major calderas in the world. Fully developed larger explosion calderas such as Aso and Aira Calderas in Kyushu, Japan are discussed and explained as composite calderas based on geophysical data. Those calderas have repeatedly ejected massive pyroclastic products causing their original structures to grow wider than 10 km.  
1815年坦博拉火山喷发:它对理解大爆炸破火山口形成的意义
地球和月球上大量存在的火山破火山口,因其巨大的尺寸和大量的喷出物而引起了火山学家的极大兴趣。在这里,我们考虑由大爆炸喷发形成火山口的动力学,研究地球表面的破裂是如何由剧烈的火成岩活动引起的。这就引出了“典型爆炸破火山口”的定义,它是历史时间尺度上几个新形成的破火山口的原型。这样的火山口有三个例子:坦博拉火山(松巴瓦)、喀拉喀托火山(巽他海峡)和Novarupta火山(阿拉斯加)。Tam- bora火山口是一个有充分记录的,最近形成的典型爆炸火山口的最好例子,在它形成后没有发生重大的后续喷发。讨论了坦博拉火山口的地下结构,并将其与1883年历史上第二大火山喷发喀拉喀托火山喷发进行了比较。然后,与典型的玄武岩“崩塌型”火山口形成对比,“坦博拉-火山口型”被定义为大型“爆炸型”火山口,其直径可能达到10公里。坦博拉型破火山口的概念有助于界定和了解世界上其他主要破火山口的结构和组成。根据地球物理资料,对日本九州的阿索火山口和艾拉火山口等发育充分的大型爆炸火山口进行了讨论和解释。这些火山口反复喷出大量的火山碎屑,导致它们的原始结构扩大到10公里以上。
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来源期刊
Geofisica Internacional
Geofisica Internacional 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
23
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Geofísica internacional is a quarterly scientific journal that publishes original papers that contain topics that are interesting for the geophysical community. The journal publishes research and review articles, brief notes and reviews books about seismology, volcanology, spacial sciences, hydrology and exploration, paleomagnetism and tectonic, and physical oceanography.
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