Biodiesel production from date seed oil via CaO-derived catalyst from waste eggshell

IF 2.1 4区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

Biofuels-Uk Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI:10.1080/17597269.2023.2172769

R. Alsaiari, E. M. Musa, H. Alqahtani, M. Rizk

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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Abstract The catalyst typically employed to produce biodiesel was replaced with the CaO catalyst of eggshell derivation as this shows great potential as a substitute catalyst. The synthesised catalysts were assessed in terms of their physical and chemical qualities via BET, TGA and XRD analysis. This revealed that, besides displaying exceptional transesterification activity, the catalyst synthesised at 950 °C also offered the greatest biodiesel yield. The present work involved subjecting the inedible date seed oil-producing feedstock to the process of generating biodiesel. CaO nanoparticles of waste eggshell derivation resulting from calcination at various temperatures provided mediation for the process of transesterification. The maximum of 85% yield of biodiesel was attained based on a 1:12 oil–ethanol ratio, 4 wt.% catalyst loading and 75 °C temperature. The catalyst evaluation showed that the CaO nanoparticles were pure and of nanoscale. Furthermore, many distinct ethyl ester peaks were identified when biodiesel was analysed through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. There was also confirmation that ethyl ester exhibited fuel-associated characteristics, which were consistent with the specifications of the international standards ASTM D-6571 and EN 14214.

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以废蛋壳为原料，利用曹衍生催化剂制备枣籽油生物柴油

摘要蛋壳衍生的CaO催化剂取代了通常用于生产生物柴油的催化剂，因为它显示出作为替代催化剂的巨大潜力。通过BET、TGA和XRD分析对合成的催化剂的物理和化学性质进行了评估。这表明，除了表现出优异的酯交换活性外，在950℃合成的催化剂 °C也提供了最高的生物柴油产量。目前的工作涉及将不可食用的椰枣籽油生产原料用于生产生物柴油的过程。在不同温度下煅烧得到的废弃蛋壳衍生的CaO纳米颗粒为酯交换过程提供了中介。基于1:12的油-乙醇比例，生物柴油的最大产量为85%，4 催化剂负载重量%和75 °C温度。催化剂评价表明，CaO纳米颗粒是纯的并且具有纳米级。此外，通过气相色谱和质谱分析生物柴油时，发现了许多不同的乙酯峰。还证实了乙酯表现出与燃料相关的特性，这与国际标准ASTM D-6571和EN 14214的规范一致。

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来源期刊

Biofuels-Uk Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

9.50%

发文量

期刊介绍： Current energy systems need a vast transformation to meet the key demands of the 21st century: reduced environmental impact, economic viability and efficiency. An essential part of this energy revolution is bioenergy. The movement towards widespread implementation of first generation biofuels is still in its infancy, requiring continued evaluation and improvement to be fully realised. Problems with current bioenergy strategies, for example competition over land use for food crops, do not yet have satisfactory solutions. The second generation of biofuels, based around cellulosic ethanol, are now in development and are opening up new possibilities for future energy generation. Recent advances in genetics have pioneered research into designer fuels and sources such as algae have been revealed as untapped bioenergy resources. As global energy requirements change and grow, it is crucial that all aspects of the bioenergy production process are streamlined and improved, from the design of more efficient biorefineries to research into biohydrogen as an energy carrier. Current energy infrastructures need to be adapted and changed to fulfil the promises of biomass for power generation. Biofuels provides a forum for all stakeholders in the bioenergy sector, featuring review articles, original research, commentaries, news, research and development spotlights, interviews with key opinion leaders and much more, with a view to establishing an international community of bioenergy communication. As biofuel research continues at an unprecedented rate, the development of new feedstocks and improvements in bioenergy production processes provide the key to the transformation of biomass into a global energy resource. With the twin threats of climate change and depleted fossil fuel reserves looming, it is vitally important that research communities are mobilized to fully realize the potential of bioenergy.