Oral and Facial Manifestations of COVID-19 Patients

M. Okoh, D. Okoh
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Abstract

Objective: To review the oral and facial manifestations of COVID-19 which may be useful in the prompt diagnosis of the disease.Materials and Methods: Literatures were searched from renowned electronic databases like PubMed, Medline, Google scholar and Cochrane Library. The following words were used for the search. “Oral and facial manifestations of COVID-19.”Results: The SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted from human to human via droplet transmission and direct contact with oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes. Studies suggest that COVID-19 may become airborne through aerosols generated during clinical procedures. The most common symptoms of coronavirus disease are fever, tiredness, dry cough and difficulty breathing. Other atypical symptoms, such as muscle pain, confusion, headache, anosmia, dysgeusia, sore throat, diarrhea, and vomiting have been reported, and seem to be on the rise.Conclusion: It will be interesting to determine in the near future how frequent those manifestations are in individuals presenting symptoms in contrast to infected asymptomatic patient, and their usefulness in defining the outcome of COVID-19.  
COVID-19患者的口腔和面部表现
目的:回顾新冠肺炎的口腔和面部表现,为该病的及时诊断提供依据。材料和方法:检索PubMed、Medline、Google scholar和Cochrane Library等知名电子数据库中的文献。搜索使用了以下单词。“新冠肺炎的口腔和面部表现。”结果:SARS-CoV-2病毒通过飞沫传播和直接接触口腔、鼻腔和眼睛粘膜在人与人之间传播。研究表明,新冠肺炎可能通过临床过程中产生的气溶胶通过空气传播。冠状病毒疾病最常见的症状是发烧、疲劳、干咳和呼吸困难。其他非典型症状,如肌肉疼痛、意识模糊、头痛、嗅觉缺失、味觉障碍、喉咙痛、腹泻和呕吐也有报道,而且似乎在增加。结论:在不久的将来,确定这些表现在出现症状的个体中与感染的无症状患者相比的频率,以及它们在确定新冠肺炎结果方面的作用,将是一件有趣的事情。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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