Effects of Wildland Fuel Composition on Fire Intensity

IF 3 3区农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Fire-Switzerland Pub Date : 2023-08-13 DOI:10.3390/fire6080312

Ziyu Dong, Roger A. Williams

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Abstract

Assessing the characteristics of fuel flammability during fire is of major significance regarding fire intensity and fire spread control. Under the background of shifting forest composition from heliophytic to mesophytic species in mixed-oak forests, our objective is to determine the impacts of species-driven changes in fuel flammability characteristics and the specific relationships between fuel ignition variations at the species level. Oak and maple fuels were collected from ninety-four plots established in Zaleski State Forest, Ohio. A total of 30 combustion samples were separated (15 oak samples and 15 maple samples), with each combustion sample weighing 20 g to ignite under a laboratory fume hood. Our results determined that oak fuel showed significantly higher flame temperatures than maple fuel, and the fuel consumption and combustion duration time both varied between oak and maple fuel. These findings indicated that the shift from oak forest to mesophytic species could change a fire’s behavior. Combined with the cooler, moister, and less-flammable forest conditions generated by these mesophytic species, fires may not be able to reach their historical fire intensities, suggesting that updated data and new insights are needed for fire management.

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林地燃料成分对火灾强度的影响

评估火灾期间燃料的可燃性特征对于火灾强度和火灾蔓延控制具有重要意义。在混合橡树林中，森林组成从日生物种向中生物种转变的背景下，我们的目标是确定物种驱动的燃料燃烧特性变化的影响，以及物种水平上燃料点火变化之间的具体关系。橡树和枫树燃料是从俄亥俄州扎莱斯基州立森林的九十四块地收集的。共分离出30个燃烧样品（15个橡木样品和15个枫木样品），每个燃烧样品重20克，在实验室通风橱下点燃。我们的结果确定，橡木燃料的火焰温度明显高于枫木燃料，并且橡木燃料和枫木燃料的燃料消耗量和燃烧持续时间都不同。这些发现表明，从橡树林向中生物种的转变可能会改变火灾的行为。再加上这些中生物种产生的更凉爽、更潮湿、更不易燃的森林条件，火灾可能无法达到其历史火灾强度，这表明火灾管理需要更新的数据和新的见解。

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