Evaluation of Lifestyle Practices Among the Kuala Lumpur Community to Assess the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease remains the primary cause of death within the Malaysian population. Sedentary behavior, unhealthy dietary habits, smoking, and alcohol consumption are firmly established as the key risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the lifestyle practices within the Kuala Lumpur community that contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted, collecting data from 278 participants aged 18 and above in Kuala Lumpur. Participants completed a directly administered questionnaire, providing necessary information such as height and weight measurements for body mass index (BMI) calculation, physical activity levels, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, smoking history, and ethnic backgrounds to assess potential variations. Results: Among the 278 respondents, 114 (41%) were identified as smokers, 130 (46.8%) reported alcohol consumption, and 108 (38.8%) had a high BMI. Significant variations were observed across different ethnic groups regarding alcohol consumption and smoking, with Malays showing the lowest involvement compared to the Chinese and Indian groups. Males exhibited a higher prevalence of increased BMI than females, and older adults were more susceptible to overweight and obesity than younger age groups. Out of the total respondents, only 71 (25%) expressed a strong intention to adopt healthy dietary practices, and 82 (29%) showed a solid intention to engage in regular exercise. Conclusions: Smoking, alcohol consumption, and high BMI are highly prevalent within the Kuala Lumpur community, posing a significant risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Consequently, implementing lifestyle modifications is essential to enhance cardiovascular outcomes in the Kuala Lumpur community.