Genetic monitoring of Indian rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars over decadal periods employing gene-specific markers and yield component traits

IF 1.8 4区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Crop & Pasture Science Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI:10.1071/CP22240

K. Maneesha, Mondem Bhargavi, D. M. Withanawasam, Penumalli Shanthi, Madhavi L. Kommana, Keerthi Issa, Lavanya Kumari Padherla, Roja Veeraghattapu, Md. Aminul Islam, B. Tanti, Sudhakar Palagiri, L. R. Vemireddy

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Abstract

Abstract Context. Regular genetic monitoring of rice diversity provides informed direction for plant breeders when selecting parents in breeding programs. Aims. The investigation was conducted to assess the trends of decade-wise genetic diversity in popular Indian rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. Methods. We screened 62 genotypes including popular rice varieties released from the 1970s to 2010s in India along with landraces, using gene-specific markers and some of the key yield and yield-contributing traits. Key results. Using gene-specific markers, genetic diversity has shown a downward trend from landraces to the 2010s. Qualitative analysis revealed that more alleles were present in landraces than released varieties. The disappearance of alleles was prominently observed in varieties released in the 1970s and even more so in the 2010s, which suggests that present-day cultivars are losing several valuable alleles of the key yield genes. Genetic diversity assessed using phenotypic data also exhibited a downward trend towards the 2010s. Molecular and phenotypic data on genetic diversity were used to group the rice genotypes, revealing that genotypes with common parents grouped together. Conclusions. Genetic diversity has shown a downward trend from landraces to the 2010s, as assessed using both gene-specific markers and phenotypic data, although with slight deviations among various decades. Implications. This study reinforces the fact that assessment of temporal trends in genetic diversity at regular intervals is warranted to meet future food demands while conserving on-farm crop diversity.

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利用基因特异性标记和产量组成性状对印度水稻品种进行年代际遗传监测

抽象上下文。对水稻多样性的定期遗传监测为植物育种家在育种计划中选择亲本提供了明智的指导。目标。本研究旨在评估印度流行水稻（Oryza sativa L.）基因型的十年遗传多样性趋势。方法。我们使用基因特异性标记和一些关键的产量和产量贡献性状，筛选了62种基因型，包括20世纪70年代至2010年代在印度发布的流行水稻品种以及地方品种。关键成果。使用基因特异性标记，从地方种族到2010年代，遗传多样性呈下降趋势。定性分析显示，地方品种中存在的等位基因比已发布的品种多。在20世纪70年代发布的品种中，显著观察到等位基因的消失，在2010年代更是如此，这表明当今的品种正在失去关键产量基因的几个有价值的等位基因。使用表型数据评估的遗传多样性在2010年代也呈下降趋势。利用遗传多样性的分子和表型数据对水稻基因型进行分组，揭示了具有共同亲本的基因型组合在一起。结论。根据基因特异性标记和表型数据的评估，从地方品种到2010年代，遗传多样性呈下降趋势，尽管在不同的几十年中略有偏差。含义。这项研究强化了这样一个事实，即有必要定期评估遗传多样性的时间趋势，以满足未来的粮食需求，同时保护农场作物的多样性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Crop & Pasture Science AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

15.80%

发文量

111

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Crop and Pasture Science (formerly known as Australian Journal of Agricultural Research) is an international journal publishing outcomes of strategic research in crop and pasture sciences and the sustainability of farming systems. The primary focus is broad-scale cereals, grain legumes, oilseeds and pastures. Articles are encouraged that advance understanding in plant-based agricultural systems through the use of well-defined and original aims designed to test a hypothesis, innovative and rigorous experimental design, and strong interpretation. The journal embraces experimental approaches from molecular level to whole systems, and the research must present novel findings and progress the science of agriculture. Crop and Pasture Science is read by agricultural scientists and plant biologists, industry, administrators, policy-makers, and others with an interest in the challenges and opportunities facing world agricultural production. Crop and Pasture Science is published with the endorsement of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the Australian Academy of Science.