Aniconism and Theophoric Names in Inscribed Seals from Judah, Israel and Neighbouring Kingdoms

Abstract

In this article I examine whether there is a relationship between aniconism and name type on Iron II stamp seals. Specifically, I investigate whether Hebrew and non-Hebrew stamped seals with a theophoric name are more often aniconic than those with a non-theophoric name. I also analyse whether Hebrew stamped seals with a Yahwistic name are more often aniconic than those with a non-Yahwistic name. The study reveals that there is a link between aniconism and stamp seals: approximately half of all stamp seals are aniconic, while almost all bullae and stamp seals on jars are aniconic. Seals with a Yahwistic name are significantly more often aniconic than those with a non-Yahwistic name. Thus, notwithstanding the contribution of literacy to aniconism, I suggest that image prohibition played a role in the evolution toward aniconism in Hebrew seals.