Aspectos ecológicos del uso de sorbentes para mejorar la eficiencia de bioremediación de suelos contaminados por petróleo

Abstract

Nowadays, polluted soils are one of the primary environmental problems. Due to a large number of oil-contaminated lands, new methods are being developed more and more actively, as well as a combination of various existing methods for disposing of oil spills. In this paper, bioremediation with the use of adsorption is considered to reduce toxicity and accelerate the processes of microbial destruction of hydrocarbons. There is a large selection of sorbents based on carbon, mineral, and natural materials. The effectiveness of a particular sorbent will vary depending on the application region, weather and climate conditions, soil type, and the type and properties of the oil. In this work, peat was tested as an organic sorbent (S1), vermiculite as a mineral sorbent (S2), and sorbent based on carbon (S3). The sorbents were added to the soils contaminated by oil, evaluating the pH, humidity, and phytotoxicity of the soils. The results showed that the soils treated with sorbents maintained the neutral pH, increased the humidity, and decreased the phytotoxicity of the soil. The sorbent efficiency was S3> S2> S1.