{"title":"Systematic Revision of Pre- and Post-Santacrucian Species of Protypotherium (Interatheriidae, Notoungulata)","authors":"Mercedes Fernández, J. Fernicola, E. Cerdeño","doi":"10.5710/AMGH.14.07.2023.3556","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Within the Order Notoungulata, considered the most diverse and abundant clade of South American native ungulates, Interatheriidae (late Paleocene–Late Miocene) is one of the best-known and most derived families. Most of the interatheriids were described during the late 19th century from specimens collected from the prolific Santa Cruz Formation (Santacrucian SALMA; Burdigalian–early Langhian), Santa Cruz Province (Argentina). One of the most important interatheriids is Protypotherium due to its diversity and wide distribution in Bolivia, Chile, Uruguay, and, especially, Argentina. Protypotherium was last revised more than a century ago, with most of the species considered Typotheria incertae sedis. More recently, several species were erected within this genus by different authors. This contribution provides the taxonomic revision of the pre- and post-Santacrucian species of Protypotherium, excluding those originally erected by Florentino Ameghino. We propose P. sinclairi and P. concepcionensis as junior synonyms of P. columnifer and P. colloncurensis, respectively, and conclude that Protypotherium includes P. antiquum, P. australe, P. praerutilum, P. compressidens, P. claudum, P. columnifer, P. minutum, P. distinctum, and P. colloncurensis. Finally, we present the most complete phylogenetic analysis of Interatheriidae, at both genus and species levels. It does not recover Protypotherium as a clade due to the nesting of Caenophilus within the genus and shows that this assemblage is the sister taxon of the clade constituted by Deseadan Progaleopithecus and Archaeophylus. Resumen. Dentro del Orden Notoungulata, considerado el clado más diverso y abundante de ungulados nativos de América del Sur, Interatheriidae (Paleoceno tardío–Mioceno Tardío) es una de las familias más conocidas y derivadas. La mayoría de los interatéridos descritos a fines del siglo XIX fueron erigidos a partir de especímenes recolectados en la prolífera Formación Santa Cruz (Edad Mamífero Santacrucense; Burdigaliense–Langhiense temprano), Provincia de Santa Cruz (Argentina). Uno de los interatéridos más importantes es Protypotherium, debido a su diversidad y amplia distribución en Bolivia, Chile, Uruguay y, especialmente, Argentina. Protypotherium fue revisado por última vez hace más de un siglo y la gran mayoría de las especies fueron consideradas Typotheria incertae sedis. Más recientemente, diversos autores han erigido varias especies dentro de este género. Esta contribución presenta la revisión taxonómica de las especies de Protypotherium pre y postsantacrucenses, excluyendo aquéllas que fueron erigidas por Florentino Ameghino dentro del género. Se propone a P. sinclairi y P. concepcionensis como sinónimos junior de P. columnifer y P. colloncurensis, respectivamente, y se concluye que el género está integrado por P. antiquum, P. australe, P. praerutilum, P. compressidens, P. claudum, P. columnifer, P. minutum, P. distinctum y P. colloncurensis. Finalmente, se presenta el análisis filogenético más completo de los Interatheriidae, en términos del muestreo de géneros y especies. Éste no recupera a Protypotherium como clado, debido a la anidación de Caenophilus dentro del género, y muestra a este grupo como el taxón hermano del clado constituido por los géneros deseadenses Progaleopithecus y Archaeophylus.","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.4000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Accounts of Chemical Research","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5710/AMGH.14.07.2023.3556","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Abstract. Within the Order Notoungulata, considered the most diverse and abundant clade of South American native ungulates, Interatheriidae (late Paleocene–Late Miocene) is one of the best-known and most derived families. Most of the interatheriids were described during the late 19th century from specimens collected from the prolific Santa Cruz Formation (Santacrucian SALMA; Burdigalian–early Langhian), Santa Cruz Province (Argentina). One of the most important interatheriids is Protypotherium due to its diversity and wide distribution in Bolivia, Chile, Uruguay, and, especially, Argentina. Protypotherium was last revised more than a century ago, with most of the species considered Typotheria incertae sedis. More recently, several species were erected within this genus by different authors. This contribution provides the taxonomic revision of the pre- and post-Santacrucian species of Protypotherium, excluding those originally erected by Florentino Ameghino. We propose P. sinclairi and P. concepcionensis as junior synonyms of P. columnifer and P. colloncurensis, respectively, and conclude that Protypotherium includes P. antiquum, P. australe, P. praerutilum, P. compressidens, P. claudum, P. columnifer, P. minutum, P. distinctum, and P. colloncurensis. Finally, we present the most complete phylogenetic analysis of Interatheriidae, at both genus and species levels. It does not recover Protypotherium as a clade due to the nesting of Caenophilus within the genus and shows that this assemblage is the sister taxon of the clade constituted by Deseadan Progaleopithecus and Archaeophylus. Resumen. Dentro del Orden Notoungulata, considerado el clado más diverso y abundante de ungulados nativos de América del Sur, Interatheriidae (Paleoceno tardío–Mioceno Tardío) es una de las familias más conocidas y derivadas. La mayoría de los interatéridos descritos a fines del siglo XIX fueron erigidos a partir de especímenes recolectados en la prolífera Formación Santa Cruz (Edad Mamífero Santacrucense; Burdigaliense–Langhiense temprano), Provincia de Santa Cruz (Argentina). Uno de los interatéridos más importantes es Protypotherium, debido a su diversidad y amplia distribución en Bolivia, Chile, Uruguay y, especialmente, Argentina. Protypotherium fue revisado por última vez hace más de un siglo y la gran mayoría de las especies fueron consideradas Typotheria incertae sedis. Más recientemente, diversos autores han erigido varias especies dentro de este género. Esta contribución presenta la revisión taxonómica de las especies de Protypotherium pre y postsantacrucenses, excluyendo aquéllas que fueron erigidas por Florentino Ameghino dentro del género. Se propone a P. sinclairi y P. concepcionensis como sinónimos junior de P. columnifer y P. colloncurensis, respectivamente, y se concluye que el género está integrado por P. antiquum, P. australe, P. praerutilum, P. compressidens, P. claudum, P. columnifer, P. minutum, P. distinctum y P. colloncurensis. Finalmente, se presenta el análisis filogenético más completo de los Interatheriidae, en términos del muestreo de géneros y especies. Éste no recupera a Protypotherium como clado, debido a la anidación de Caenophilus dentro del género, y muestra a este grupo como el taxón hermano del clado constituido por los géneros deseadenses Progaleopithecus y Archaeophylus.
期刊介绍:
Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.