Synthesis of Magnetic Catalyst Derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Esterification of Oleic Acid: An Optimization Study

IF 1.3 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL
S. Krishnan, F. Pua, E. Tan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Biomass, renewable, abundantly available and a good source of energy. The conversion of biomass waste into valuable products has received wide attention. In this study, an empty fruit bunch (oil palm EFB) supported magnetic acid catalyst for esterification reaction was successfully prepared via the one-step impregnation process. The new magnetic catalyst achieved a higher surface area of 188.87 m2/g with a total acidity of 2.4 mmol/g and identified iron oxide as g-Fe2O3. The magnetization value of 24.97 emu/g demonstrated that the superparamagnetic catalyst could be easily recovered and separated after the reaction using an external magnet. The catalytic performance of oil palm EFB supported magnetic acid catalyst was examined by esterification of oleic acid. Esterification process parameters were optimized via Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization tool with Box-Behnken design (BBD). The following optimum parameters were determined: an amount of 9 wt% catalyst, molar ratio of methanol to oleic acid of 12:1, reaction time of 2 h and reaction temperature of 60 °C with a maximum conversion of 94.91% was achieved. The catalyst can be recycled up to five cycles with minimal loss in its activity. The oil palm waste-based magnetic acid catalyst indicates its potential replacement to the existing solid catalysts that are economical and environmentally friendly for the esterification process in biofuel applications. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
油棕榈空果束制备油酸酯化磁性催化剂的优化研究
生物质是可再生的,资源丰富,是一种很好的能源。将生物质废物转化为有价值的产品受到了广泛关注。本研究采用一步浸渍法成功制备了用于酯化反应的空果串(油棕EFB)负载的磁性酸催化剂。新的磁性催化剂获得了188.87m2/g的更高表面积,总酸度为2.4mmol/g,并鉴定出氧化铁为g-Fe2O3。24.97emu/g的磁化值表明,使用外部磁体在反应后可以容易地回收和分离超顺磁性催化剂。以油酸为原料,考察了油棕榈EFB负载磁酸催化剂的催化性能。酯化工艺参数通过响应面法(RSM)优化工具和Box-Behnken设计(BBD)进行优化。确定了以下最佳参数:催化剂用量为9wt%,甲醇与油酸摩尔比为12:1,反应时间为2h,反应温度为60°C,最大转化率为94.91%。催化剂可以循环使用多达五次,其活性损失最小。基于油棕废料的磁性酸催化剂表明其有可能取代现有的固体催化剂,这些固体催化剂对于生物燃料应用中的酯化过程是经济和环保的。版权所有©2021作者所有,BCREC集团出版。这是CC BY-SA许可证下的开放访问文章(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.20
自引率
6.70%
发文量
52
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, a reputable international journal, provides a forum for publishing the novel technologies related to the catalyst, catalysis, chemical reactor, kinetics, and chemical reaction engineering. Scientific articles dealing with the following topics in chemical reaction engineering, catalysis science and engineering, catalyst preparation method and characterization, novel innovation of chemical reactor, kinetic studies, etc. are particularly welcome. However, articles concerned on general chemical engineering process are not covered and out of scope of this journal
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