Lithic resources as a proxy for the social use of territory among hunter-gatherers of Central Chile

IF 1.1 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
Luis Eduardo Cornejo Bustamante, Patricio Galarce Cornejos, Miguel Villanueva, L. Riquelme
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of a study of the composition of lithic raw materials from the contexts of archaeological sites of hunter-gatherers of Central Chile (latitudes 33° to 34.5° S) between 5000 to 1000 years BP. This territory is characterized by a wide distribution of certain coarse and medium-grained lithic raw materials (andesite, basalt and granite), preferably used in low formatted tools, and the specific location of those of fine grain (obsidian and siliceous rocks), suitable for bifacial reduction, only in some localities. In this analysis, 22 sites have been included, each of which presents different proportions of these raw materials in their context, a set that, when analysed in terms of the diversity of each case, generated clear spatial groupings which were ratified by means of a principle component analysis. These groupings of sites are located in direct association with the lithic landscape of different localities within the region, although we propose that the simple cost-benefit explanation would not account for their formation. According to the authors, these groups would be marked by behaviours that can only result from social restrictions on access to certain sources of these raw materials, especially considering that the distances between their location and the position of the different sources in several cases is not too large to be considered a factor in itself. These restrictions could be interpreted as the existence of socially different groups within the study area, a question that is compared with ethnographic data currently available on the size of the territories of different groups of hunter-gatherers and their annual mobility ranges.
智利中部狩猎采集者对土地社会利用的代表
本文介绍了对5000年至1000年BP期间智利中部(北纬33°至34.5°)狩猎采集者考古遗址中石器原材料成分的研究结果。该地区的特点是,某些粗粒和中粒岩屑原材料(安山岩、玄武岩和花岗岩)分布广泛,最好用于低格式工具,细粒岩屑(黑石和硅质岩)的具体位置仅在某些地方适合双面还原。在这项分析中,包括了22个地点,每个地点在其背景下都呈现出不同比例的这些原材料,当根据每个案例的多样性进行分析时,这些地点产生了明确的空间分组,并通过主成分分析得到了认可。这些遗址群的位置与该地区不同地区的石器景观直接相关,尽管我们认为简单的成本效益解释无法解释它们的形成。根据作者的说法,这些群体的行为只能由获取这些原材料的某些来源的社会限制引起,特别是考虑到在某些情况下,他们的位置和不同来源的位置之间的距离不太大,不足以被视为一个因素。这些限制可以被解释为研究区域内存在社会不同群体,这一问题与目前可获得的关于不同狩猎采集群体领土大小及其年度流动范围的人种学数据进行了比较。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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10.00%
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6
审稿时长
8 weeks
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