Heat flow in the Main Karoo Basin, South Africa

IF 1.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOLOGY
M.Q.W. Jones, S. Scheiber-Enslin
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The Main Karoo Basin, and its Late Carboniferous to Early Jurassic stratified fill, the Karoo Supergroup, is the largest geological entity in South Africa and one of the economically most strategic because of its coal resources and potential shale gas resources. It also has a potential future in renewable energy in the form of geothermal energy. Although the basin has not received sufficient dedicated attention from a thermal perspective, numerous heat flow studies have resulted in the gradual accumulation of a substantial data base of the thermal conductivity of the constituent rocks, geothermal gradients and heat flow data. The main purpose of this paper is to collate this information, as well as new observations and thus generate a reference for future geothermal investigations. Approximately 900 conductivity measurements have resulted in well-established average conductivities for most stratified rock types, which vary by an order of magnitude from less than 0.3 W m-1 K-1 for coal to more than 5.0 W m-1 K-1 for sandstone. The maximum recorded temperature in the deepest parts of the basin (greater than 5 km) is 160°C and the overall average thermal gradient is approximately 29 K/km, which is greater than most other geological environments in southern Africa. The heat flow at 74 localities varies in the range 41 to 83 mW m-2 and the average for the central and southern parts of the basin is 62 ± 11 mW m-2 (34 values); this is approximately equal to the average heat flow for the mid-Proterozoic Namaqua tectonic province that underlies the southern half of the basin. The heat flow decreases to less than 50 mW m-2 in the northern and north-western parts of the basin, which values are typical of the underlying Archaean Kaapvaal Craton. Simple models illustrate the application of the heat flow and thermal conductivity data for calculating crustal temperature in the Karoo Basin.
南非主要卡鲁盆地的热流
卡鲁主盆地及其晚石炭世至早侏罗世分层充填卡鲁超群是南非最大的地质实体,也是经济上最具战略意义的地质实体之一,因为其煤炭资源和潜在的页岩气资源。它在地热能形式的可再生能源方面也有潜在的未来。尽管从热的角度来看,该盆地没有得到足够的专门关注,但大量的热流研究已经逐渐积累了组成岩石的热导率、地热梯度和热流数据的大量数据库。本文的主要目的是整理这些信息以及新的观测结果,从而为未来的地热调查提供参考。对于大多数层状岩石类型,大约900次电导率测量得出了公认的平均电导率,其变化幅度为一个数量级,从煤炭的小于0.3 W m-1 K-1到砂岩的大于5.0 W m-1。盆地最深处(大于5公里)的最高记录温度为160°C,总体平均热梯度约为29 K/公里,高于南部非洲的大多数其他地质环境。74个地区的热流在41至83 mW m-2之间变化,盆地中部和南部的平均值为62±11 mW m-2(34个值);这大约等于位于盆地南半部下方的中元古代Namaqua构造省的平均热流。盆地北部和西北部的热流降至50 mW m-2以下,这是下伏太古宙卡瓦尔火山口的典型值。简单的模型说明了热流和热导率数据在卡鲁盆地地壳温度计算中的应用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
5.60%
发文量
18
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The South African Journal of Geology publishes scientific papers, notes, stratigraphic descriptions and discussions in the broadly defined fields of geoscience that are related directly or indirectly to the geology of Africa. Contributions relevant to former supercontinental entities such as Gondwana and Rodinia are also welcome as are topical studies on any geoscience-related discipline. Review papers are welcome as long as they represent original, new syntheses. Special issues are also encouraged but terms for these must be negotiated with the Editors.
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