Four-dimensional NOE-NOE spectroscopy of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease to facilitate resonance assignment and structural analysis.

Abstract

Resonance assignment and structural studies of larger proteins by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be challenging when exchange broadening, multiple stable conformations, and ${}^1$H back-exchange of the fully deuterated chain pose problems. These difficulties arise for the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease, a homodimer of 2 $\times$ 306 residues. We demonstrate that the combination of four-dimensional (4D) TROSY-NOESY-TROSY spectroscopy and 4D NOESY-NOESY-TROSY spectroscopy provides an effective tool for delineating the ${}^1$H-${}^1$H dipolar relaxation network. In combination with detailed structural information obtained from prior X-ray crystallography work, such data are particularly useful for extending and validating resonance assignments as well as for probing structural features.