Crop Physiological Considerations for Combining Variable-Density Planting to Optimize Seed Costs and Weed Suppression

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY

Weed Science Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI:10.1017/wsc.2022.62

Sandra R. Ethridge, Anna M. Locke, W. Everman, D. Jordan, R. León

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Abstract High crop densities are valuable to increase weed suppression, but growers might be reluctant to implement this practice due to increased seed cost. Because it is also possible to lower planting densities in areas with no or low weed interference risk, the area allocated to each planting density must be optimized considering seed cost and productivity per plant. In this study, the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were characterized in response to low planting densities and arrangements. The results were used to develop a bioeconomic model to optimize the area devoted to high- and low-density plantings to increase weed suppression without increasing seed cost. Physiological differences seen in each crop varied with the densities tested; however, maize was the only crop that had differences in yield (per area) between densities. When a model to optimize low and high planting densities was used, maize and cotton showed the most plasticity in yield per planted seed (g seed–1) and area of low density to compensate for high-density area unit. Maize grown at 75% planting density compared with the high-planting density (200%) increased yield (g seed–1) by 229%, return by 43%, and profit by 79% while decreasing the low-density area needed to compensate for high-density area. Cotton planted at 25% planting density compared with the 200% planting density increased yield (g seed–1) by 1,099%, return by 46%, and profit by 62% while decreasing the low-density area needed to compensate for high-density area. In contrast, the high morphological plasticity of soybean did not translate into changes in area optimization, as soybean maintained return, profit, and a 1:1 ratio for area compensation. This optimization model could allow for the use of variable planting at large scales to increase weed suppression while minimizing costs to producers.

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结合变密度种植优化种子成本和杂草抑制的作物生理考虑

摘要高作物密度对增加杂草抑制有价值，但由于种子成本增加，种植者可能不愿意实施这种做法。由于在没有杂草干扰风险或杂草干扰风险较低的地区也可以降低种植密度，因此必须考虑每株植物的种子成本和生产力来优化分配给每种种植密度的面积。在本研究中，玉米（Zea mays L.）、棉花（Gossypium hirsutum L.）和大豆（Glycine max（L.）Merr.]）的生长和产量对低种植密度和安排的响应进行了表征。研究结果被用于开发一个生物经济模型，以优化高密度和低密度种植的面积，从而在不增加种子成本的情况下提高杂草抑制率。每种作物的生理差异随着测试密度的不同而不同；然而，玉米是唯一一种密度之间产量（单位面积）存在差异的作物。当使用优化低密度和高密度种植的模型时，玉米和棉花在每种种子的产量（g种子-1）和低密度面积方面表现出最大的可塑性，以补偿高密度面积单位。与高种植密度（200%）相比，种植密度为75%的玉米产量（g种子-1）增加了229%，收益增加了43%，利润增加了79%，同时减少了需要补偿高密度区域的低密度区域。与200%的种植密度相比，25%的种植密度种植的棉花产量（g种子-1）增加了1099%，回报率增加了46%，利润增加了62%，同时减少了需要补偿高密度区域的低密度区域。相比之下，大豆的高形态可塑性并没有转化为面积优化的变化，因为大豆保持了回报、利润和1:1的面积补偿比例。这种优化模型可以允许大规模使用可变种植，以增加杂草抑制，同时最大限度地降低生产者的成本。

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来源期刊

Weed Science 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

12.00%

发文量

审稿时长

12-24 weeks

期刊介绍： Weed Science publishes original research and scholarship in the form of peer-reviewed articles focused on fundamental research directly related to all aspects of weed science in agricultural systems. Topics for Weed Science include: - the biology and ecology of weeds in agricultural, forestry, aquatic, turf, recreational, rights-of-way and other settings, genetics of weeds - herbicide resistance, chemistry, biochemistry, physiology and molecular action of herbicides and plant growth regulators used to manage undesirable vegetation - ecology of cropping and other agricultural systems as they relate to weed management - biological and ecological aspects of weed control tools including biological agents, and herbicide resistant crops - effect of weed management on soil, air and water.