Ethanol Extraction of Hyoscyamus niger and Hypericum calycinum Evaluated for Acaricidal Activity against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Abstract

Hyoscyamus niger L. (Solanaceae) and Hypericum calycinum L. (Hypericaceae) were collected from two provinces Bursa and Ankara in Turkey during flowering stages. Extracts obtained from H. niger and H. calycinum were tested against two-spotted mite as an acaricidal pesticide. Bioassay experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions using two different methods namely, leaf disc dipping and direct leaf spraying. Two-spotted mite was reared in insectary using Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae). In the leaf dipping method, H. niger extract resulted in an effective adjusted mortality for larvae of 87.13% and for adults of 81.66%. For H. calycinum the adjusted mortality for larvae and adults was 77.77% and 85.97% respectively at the highest concentration. In larval stage, LC50 values were 5.47 w/v and 3.32 w/v dipping and spraying method respectively. In addition, adult stage, it was determined that LC50 values were 1.17 w/v and 3.56 w/v in both methods. For leaf spraying method. H. niger resulted in an adjusted showed an effect against larvae and adults mortality rate was 95% and 91% respectively. However, H. calycinum mortality percentage was 80% and 87% at 12% concentration, with LC50 values of 9.62 w/v and 2.13 w/v in dipping method. In this research apart from mortality effects on egg, reproduction was also investigated. Each concentration showed that treated females laid less eggs compared to the untreated females.