Interaction of Immune System Protein with PEGylated and Un-PEGylated Polymeric Nanoparticles

Abstract

Biodegradable Nanoparticles (NPs) are under intense investigation due to their potential application in targeted drug delivery. Upon their entry to the biological system, they encounter the immune system, which limits their availability at the intended site. Most importantly, the innate immune system is the one that acts as the first line of defense against foreign materials. It can be activated by collectin proteins which recognize the structural pattern of polysaccharide on the surface of microorganisms. NPs may interact with these proteins in a similar way, and the interaction may lead to beneficial outcomes in vaccine delivery. On the other hand, in targeted drug delivery, it is desirable for the NPs not to be recognized as foreign material as this may lead to their fast elimination from the system through mechanism such as opsonization. We investigated the interaction of PEGylated and un-PEGylated PLGA NPs with Recombinant Human Mannose-Binding Protein (HMBP) in an effort to understand the effect of surface modification on their binding to the protein. Results show that both PLGA-COOH and PLGA-PEG-NH2 bind to HMBP as studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluoresce and UV-vis spectroscopy. However, their binding is shown to have different effect on the structure of the protein. Study done using fluorescence spectroscopy displayed a decrease in fluorescence emission of the protein upon binding to PLGA-COOH. On the other hand the fluorescence emission of the protein increased upon binding to the PLGA-PEG-NH2 indicating conformational changes in the protein structure.