A non-invasive method of glucose monitoring using FR4 material based microwave antenna sensor

IF 1.9 4区材料科学 Q3 Materials Science

Science and Engineering of Composite Materials Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1515/secm-2022-0187

Anveshkumar Nella, R. Aldhaheri, Jagadeesh Babu Kamili, N. Sobahi

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Abstract

Abstract This work presents a unique non-invasive method for monitoring glucose levels in blood using a planar Yagi–Uda antenna as a microwave sensor. The proposed antenna, operating at 5.5 GHz, exhibits a directional radiation pattern with a peak gain of 6.74 dBi. A low-cost FR4 material of size 30 mm × 40 mm × 1.6 mm is used as a dielectric substrate. A human finger phantom, comprising layers of skin, fat, blood, and bone, is created at 5.5 GHz in EM simulation tool for mimicking a real human finger. The finger phantom is positioned at different locations around the antenna and corresponding frequency shifts are remarked to a variation in glucose concentration from 0–500 mg/dL. An exemplary frequency shift of maximum 26 MHz is recorded when the phantom is placed at the bottom of the antenna. Time domain analysis is also carried out to understand the effect of glucose concentration variation on the output signal amplitude and delay. Simulated antenna results are found to be in stupendous agreement with the measured results. An experiment of placing a real human finger around the fabricated antenna also presents a splendid correspondence with the simulated results. Hence, this mechanism can be expedient for monitoring glucose levels in blood.

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基于FR4材料的微波天线传感器的无创血糖监测方法

摘要这项工作提出了一种独特的非侵入性方法，使用平面八木天线作为微波传感器来监测血液中的葡萄糖水平。拟议的天线，工作频率为5.5 GHz，呈现出峰值增益为6.74的定向辐射图 dBi。尺寸为30的低成本FR4材料毫米×40 毫米×1.6 mm作为电介质基板。在5.5创建了一个由皮肤、脂肪、血液和骨骼层组成的人体手指模型 GHz的EM模拟工具，用于模拟真实的人类手指。手指模型位于天线周围的不同位置，相应的频率偏移表示葡萄糖浓度在0-500之间的变化 mg/dL。最大26的示例性频移当模型放置在天线底部时，会记录MHz。还进行了时域分析，以了解葡萄糖浓度变化对输出信号幅度和延迟的影响。模拟天线的结果与实测结果非常吻合。在制作的天线周围放置一根真人手指的实验也与模拟结果非常吻合。因此，这种机制对于监测血液中的葡萄糖水平是有利的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

5.30%

发文量

审稿时长

4 months

期刊介绍： Science and Engineering of Composite Materials is a quarterly publication which provides a forum for discussion of all aspects related to the structure and performance under simulated and actual service conditions of composites. The publication covers a variety of subjects, such as macro and micro and nano structure of materials, their mechanics and nanomechanics, the interphase, physical and chemical aging, fatigue, environmental interactions, and process modeling. The interdisciplinary character of the subject as well as the possible development and use of composites for novel and specific applications receives special attention.