The Versatile Role of Pinus strobus Within the Composition and Structure of Permanent Plots in Five Mature Mixed Forests of the Upper Midwest U.S.A.

IF 0.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
D. A. Riege
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Abstract. Forests with an old-growth Pinus strobus (white pine) component are rare in the Upper Midwest. I established 9.5 ha of permanent plots at five sites in mature mixed forests of northern Wisconsin and Upper Michigan to study late-successional dynamics, with emphasis on P. strobus demography and reproduction. This manuscript includes the first description of this network of permanent plots, the data of which are archived for potential use by forest managers and ecologists. Pinus strobus exhibited a variety of size distributions within 13 plots, indicative of its versatile role in stand composition and succession. Three plots exemplified a “classic” unimodal P. strobus size distribution of large emergent trees within an old-growth mixed stand. However, most plots contained an atypical bimodal distribution of P. strobus, consisting of saplings and large trees. Other plots approximated a negative exponential curve of continual recruitment or exhibited an influx of P. strobus saplings into hardwood-dominated stands. The recent P. strobus reproduction may indicate a reversing successional trajectory from hardwoods to P. strobus, which is opposite to reported regional trends of mesophication or mapleization in these mixed mesic forests. Differential deer browsing that inhibits hardwood regeneration is hypothesized as a driver for this counter trend. Overall, the 13 plots illustrate the ecological breadth of P. strobus and suggest a complexity of successional patterns.
美国上中西部5个成熟混交林永久样地组成和结构中油松的多种作用
摘要在上中西部地区,含有古老的白松成分的森林很少见。我在威斯康星州北部和上密歇根州的成熟混合林中的五个地点建立了9.5公顷的永久性地块,以研究后期演替动态,重点是频闪草的人口学和繁殖。这份手稿包括对这个永久地块网络的第一次描述,其数据被存档,供森林管理者和生态学家使用。火炬松在13个地块内表现出各种大小分布,表明其在林分组成和演替中的多功能作用。三个地块展示了一个古老的混合生长林分中大型挺水树的“经典”单峰大小分布。然而,大多数地块都包含一个非典型的双模态分布,由树苗和大树组成。其他地块近似于持续招聘的负指数曲线,或表现出P.strobus树苗流入硬木为主的林分。最近的P.strobus繁殖可能表明从硬木到P.strobus的演替轨迹正在逆转,这与报道的这些混合中生林的中间化或mapleization的区域趋势相反。抑制硬木再生的差异鹿浏览被认为是这一反趋势的驱动因素。总的来说,这13个地块说明了频闪草的生态广度,并表明了其演替模式的复杂性。
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来源期刊
American Midland Naturalist
American Midland Naturalist 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
1.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
38
审稿时长
18-36 weeks
期刊介绍: The American Midland Naturalist has been published for 90 years by the University of Notre Dame. The connotations of Midland and Naturalist have broadened and its geographic coverage now includes North America with occasional articles from other continents. The old image of naturalist has changed and the journal publishes what Charles Elton aptly termed "scientific natural history" including field and experimental biology. Its significance and breadth of coverage are evident in that the American Midland Naturalist is among the most frequently cited journals in publications on ecology, mammalogy, herpetology, ornithology, ichthyology, parasitology, aquatic and invertebrate biology and other biological disciplines.
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