Valuing Health Loss in Karachi City from Water Contamination and Household Defensive Behavior

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2022-03-12 DOI:10.1142/s2382624x22500023

Faisal Jamil, Z. Siddique, Iftikhar Hussain Adil

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Abstract

Clean water is essential for healthy living and the use of contaminated water is a major source of global and regional burden of disease and mortality in less developed countries. This study identifies the extent of water contamination through standardized laboratory tests from the metropolitan city of Karachi, which is the largest city of Pakistan. Moreover, a household survey data is used to estimate a health production function focusing on waterborne diseases. The study finds the average probability of waterborne diseases and estimates the cost of illness from the sample data. Probability of illness and defensive behavior are proxied by the prevalence of diarrhea and household expenditures on water treatment, respectively. The results show that the likelihood of getting diarrhea is higher among households who make less expenditures on water treatment. Water contamination positively affects and filtration negatively affects the prevalence of diarrhea in the city. Further, the study finds that the total direct monthly health cost of untreated water consumption for the entire population of Karachi is PKR 80.7 million.

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水污染和家庭防御行为对卡拉奇市健康损失的评估

清洁水对健康生活至关重要，使用受污染的水是欠发达国家全球和区域疾病负担和死亡率的一个主要来源。这项研究通过巴基斯坦最大城市卡拉奇的标准化实验室测试确定了水污染的程度。此外，还使用住户调查数据来估计以水传播疾病为重点的卫生生产函数。该研究发现了水传播疾病的平均概率，并根据样本数据估计了疾病的成本。患病概率和防御行为分别由腹泻患病率和家庭水处理支出代表。结果表明，在水处理支出较少的家庭中，腹泻的可能性更高。水污染对城市腹泻患病率有积极影响，过滤对城市腹泻患病率有消极影响。此外，研究发现，卡拉奇全体人口每月使用未经处理的水的直接保健费用总额为8070万巴基斯坦卢比。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.