Examining the role of solar activity, climate, and the socio-historical context in high all-cause mortality (northern Portugal, 1700–1880)

IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL
Boreas Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI:10.1111/bor.12563
João Moreno, Filipa Moreno, Francisco Fatela, Eduardo Leorri
{"title":"Examining the role of solar activity, climate, and the socio-historical context in high all-cause mortality (northern Portugal, 1700–1880)","authors":"João Moreno,&nbsp;Filipa Moreno,&nbsp;Francisco Fatela,&nbsp;Eduardo Leorri","doi":"10.1111/bor.12563","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The far-reaching impact of the Sun on Earth's climate and on people's health and well-being is a poorly understood and non-consensual scientific issue, with empirical literature stressing the need to expand the knowledge of such relationships. Here, the interplay between solar activity (SA) and climate, and its likely cascading effects on all-cause mortality, were examined at several time scales. To this end, the parish records of Braga (1700–1880) and Torre de Moncorvo (1700–1850), in two different geographical locations of northern Portugal (Iberia, SW Europe), were used. Crude mortality rate (CMR) and winter–summer ratio (W/S) values were computed to characterize mortality patterns/trends and couple them with potential relevant drivers: total solar irradiance (TSI) as a proxy of SA, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and key historical events. What emerged, albeit incomplete, was a complex picture of death deeply embedded in people’s physical and socioeconomic environments, at a time when ubiquitous poverty (and co-morbid malnutrition) was the most inveterate cause of ill health. After identifying the positive mortality episodes in both municipalities, their incidence was found to be higher in periods of weakened SA (normal/grand minima). Standard inference statistics were used to estimate the significance of the observations. The highest CMR peaks matched not only with wars but also with known wide-ranging mortality crises, which seem to have been triggered by major agricultural production shortfalls, followed by substantial increases in food prices, driven, in turn, by climate deterioration, including extreme weather occurrences. The outcome was social unrest, famines, and outbreaks of infectious diseases, heightening the death toll. The influence of prominent solar/climate variations was investigated using wavelet transform coherence analysis (WTC). The results showed (multi)decadal oscillations in both (TSI and NAO) somehow regulating mortality. But the WTC analysis also estimated SA signals in low-frequency mortality dynamics disguised by time-varying determinants, where distinct players of space weather might have been implicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":9184,"journal":{"name":"Boreas","volume":"51 2","pages":"426-450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bor.12563","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Boreas","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bor.12563","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

The far-reaching impact of the Sun on Earth's climate and on people's health and well-being is a poorly understood and non-consensual scientific issue, with empirical literature stressing the need to expand the knowledge of such relationships. Here, the interplay between solar activity (SA) and climate, and its likely cascading effects on all-cause mortality, were examined at several time scales. To this end, the parish records of Braga (1700–1880) and Torre de Moncorvo (1700–1850), in two different geographical locations of northern Portugal (Iberia, SW Europe), were used. Crude mortality rate (CMR) and winter–summer ratio (W/S) values were computed to characterize mortality patterns/trends and couple them with potential relevant drivers: total solar irradiance (TSI) as a proxy of SA, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and key historical events. What emerged, albeit incomplete, was a complex picture of death deeply embedded in people’s physical and socioeconomic environments, at a time when ubiquitous poverty (and co-morbid malnutrition) was the most inveterate cause of ill health. After identifying the positive mortality episodes in both municipalities, their incidence was found to be higher in periods of weakened SA (normal/grand minima). Standard inference statistics were used to estimate the significance of the observations. The highest CMR peaks matched not only with wars but also with known wide-ranging mortality crises, which seem to have been triggered by major agricultural production shortfalls, followed by substantial increases in food prices, driven, in turn, by climate deterioration, including extreme weather occurrences. The outcome was social unrest, famines, and outbreaks of infectious diseases, heightening the death toll. The influence of prominent solar/climate variations was investigated using wavelet transform coherence analysis (WTC). The results showed (multi)decadal oscillations in both (TSI and NAO) somehow regulating mortality. But the WTC analysis also estimated SA signals in low-frequency mortality dynamics disguised by time-varying determinants, where distinct players of space weather might have been implicated.

Abstract Image

研究太阳活动、气候和社会历史背景在高全因死亡率中的作用(葡萄牙北部,1700–1880)
太阳对地球气候、人类健康和福祉的深远影响是一个鲜为人知且未达成共识的科学问题,实证文献强调需要扩大对这种关系的了解。在这里,在几个时间尺度上研究了太阳活动(SA)和气候之间的相互作用,以及它可能对全因死亡率的连锁影响。为此,使用了葡萄牙北部两个不同地理位置(伊比利亚、欧洲西南部)的布拉加(1700–1880)和托雷德蒙科尔沃(1700–1850)的教区记录。计算粗死亡率(CMR)和冬夏比(W/S)值,以表征死亡率模式/趋势,并将其与潜在的相关驱动因素相结合:作为SA代表的太阳总辐照度(TSI)、北大西洋振荡(NAO)和关键历史事件。虽然不完整,但出现的是一幅深深植根于人们身体和社会经济环境中的复杂死亡画面,当时普遍存在的贫困(和共病营养不良)是导致健康不良的最根深蒂固的原因。在确定了两个市镇的阳性死亡率后,发现SA减弱时期(正常/极大极小值)的发病率更高。使用标准推断统计学来估计观察结果的显著性。CMR的最高峰值不仅与战争相匹配,还与已知的广泛的死亡率危机相匹配,这些危机似乎是由严重的农业生产短缺引发的,随后是粮食价格的大幅上涨,而这又是由气候恶化(包括极端天气)驱动的。其结果是社会动荡、饥荒和传染病爆发,增加了死亡人数。利用小波变换相干分析(WTC)研究了显著的太阳/气候变化的影响。结果显示,TSI和NAO的(多)十年振荡在某种程度上调节死亡率。但WTC的分析也估计了由时变决定因素掩盖的低频死亡率动态中的SA信号,其中可能涉及太空天气的不同参与者。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Boreas
Boreas 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
4.50%
发文量
36
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Boreas has been published since 1972. Articles of wide international interest from all branches of Quaternary research are published. Biological as well as non-biological aspects of the Quaternary environment, in both glaciated and non-glaciated areas, are dealt with: Climate, shore displacement, glacial features, landforms, sediments, organisms and their habitat, and stratigraphical and chronological relationships. Anticipated international interest, at least within a continent or a considerable part of it, is a main criterion for the acceptance of papers. Besides articles, short items like discussion contributions and book reviews are published.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信