Development and Validation of an Improved Hardiness Measure

IF 3.2 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

European Journal of Psychological Assessment Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI:10.1027/1015-5759/a000709

P. Bartone, K. McDonald, B. Hansma, Jonathan Stermac-Stein, E. M. R. Escobar, S. J. Stein, Rebecca Ryznar

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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Abstract. Previous research shows that psychological hardiness is an important factor contributing to stress resilience in individuals. Of the various instruments available to measure hardiness, the most commonly used is the Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS). Despite its demonstrated utility, the DRS-15 still has a number of serious limitations, including low subscale reliability and limited construct validity. The present work aims to create a new hardiness scale that addresses these limitations. A pool of new items plus the original DRS item set was administered to a census-matched stratified sample of N = 2,021 men and women across the United States. Items for the new scale were selected based on item distribution characteristics, item response theory plots, scale reliabilities, item-total correlations, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). CFA results showed the best fitting model reflected a hierarchical structure with three factors (commitment, control, and challenge) nested under a broad hardiness factor. This factor structure is replicated in two independent validation samples and also holds invariant across gender and age. The new scale shows much improved reliability coefficients (e.g., Cronbach’s α of .93, .85, .84, and .89 for total hardiness, challenge, control, and commitment, respectively), as well as structural equivalence across gender and age. Validity is demonstrated in multiple samples via predictive associations of hardiness scores with theoretically relevant outcome measures, including coping, life satisfaction, anxiety, and depression. The Hardiness Resilience Gauge (HRG) possesses excellent reliability and validity and appears to be a more effective tool for measuring hardiness in adult populations.

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一种改进的硬度测量方法的开发与验证

摘要先前的研究表明，心理坚韧性是影响个体抗压能力的重要因素。在可用于测量坚韧性的各种工具中，最常用的是性格弹性量表（DRS）。尽管DRS-15已经证明了它的实用性，但它仍然有一些严重的局限性，包括低分量表可靠性和有限的结构有效性。目前的工作旨在创建一个新的硬度量表，以解决这些限制。对美国2021名男性和女性的人口普查匹配分层样本进行了新项目库和原始DRS项目集的管理。新量表的项目是根据项目分布特征、项目反应理论图、量表信度、项目总相关性和验证性因素分析（CFA）选择的。CFA结果表明，最佳拟合模型反映了一个层次结构，三个因素（承诺、控制和挑战）嵌套在一个广泛的坚韧因素下。这种因子结构在两个独立的验证样本中复制，并且在性别和年龄之间保持不变。新的量表显示出显著提高的可靠性系数（例如，总耐力、挑战、控制和承诺的Cronbachα分别为.93、.85、.84和.89），以及性别和年龄之间的结构等效性。通过坚韧性得分与理论上相关的结果指标（包括应对、生活满意度、焦虑和抑郁）的预测关联，在多个样本中证明了有效性。Hardness Resilience Gauge（HRG）具有良好的可靠性和有效性，似乎是衡量成年人群Hardness的一种更有效的工具。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

European Journal of Psychological Assessment PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED-

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

4.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The main purpose of the EJPA is to present important articles which provide seminal information on both theoretical and applied developments in this field. Articles reporting the construction of new measures or an advancement of an existing measure are given priority. The journal is directed to practitioners as well as to academicians: The conviction of its editors is that the discipline of psychological assessment should, necessarily and firmly, be attached to the roots of psychological science, while going deeply into all the consequences of its applied, practice-oriented development.