Structural changes in innovation in Polish industry

Abstract

As regards the relationship between changes in the structure of innovative marketed production and the structure of innovation expenditure, the efficiency of generating direct physical production capital and social capital in Polish industry has a decisive role. Since the rate (pace) of growth in innovative marketed production and the rate (pace) of growth in physical capital are determined by the milieu of a particular enterprise and are not dependent on enterprises, the only variable explaining the rate of innovation growth is the rate (pace) of growth (in the value) of expenditure on human capital in Polish industry in 2005–2013. The results of the survey show that the rate (pace) of growth (in the value) of expenditure on human capital was executed most extensively in Polish industry in 2010–2013, whereas in 2006–2009 this rate (pace) was shaped to a limited extent. As there was no uniform flow of expenditure on human capital, the total value of innovations created in Polish industry in the years analysed was limited.