Oregano essential oil and its main components Thymol and Carvacrol as alternatives to control citrus canker

IF 3.5 Q1 AGRONOMY
C. Zamuner, Vítor Rodrigues Marin, G. Dilarri, Giovane Böerner Hypolito, D. C. Sass, H. Ferreira
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Abstract

Plant Essential Oils and their constituents are well-known for their properties as antimicrobial agents and are labeled as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS), prompting studies around their usage in the control of food-borne microorganisms and phytopathogens. In this study, we evaluated Oregano Essential Oil (OEO), Thymol (THY) and Carvacrol (CAR) for the control of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri). In vitro antibacterial assays revealed that CAR and THY inhibit X. citri growth at the concentrations of 100 µg.mL-1 and 114 µg.mL-1, lower than OEO (136 µg.mL-1). Bactericidal effects were observed at 400 µg.mL-1 for OEO and 200 ug.mL-1 for CAR and THY. Investigating potential cellular targets for the compounds showed that after 30 minutes of exposure up to 84% of the cells had their membranes disrupted, implicating the membrane as the primary target. Phytotoxicity evaluations using Lactuca sativa and Solanum lycopersicum seeds showed an acute toxic effect in all treatments above 200 µg.mL-1, except for OEO and THY in S. lycopersicum at lower concentrations. Regarding their protective effect on citrus leaves, CAR showed no effect when compared to the untreated control (0.39 and 0.50 lesions per cm2, respectively). OEO and THY were able to reduce significantly citrus canker symptoms (0.18 and 0.11 lesions per cm2, respectively). In addition, no toxic effects were observed on citrus leaves in all treatments. THY inhibits X. citri growth and the development of citrus canker lesions. These results show that THY as a viable alternative to be used in citrus canker management.
牛至精油及其主要成分百里香和香芹酚作为防治柑橘溃疡病的替代品
植物精油及其成分以其抗菌性能而闻名,并被标记为公认安全(GRAS),这促使人们对其在控制食源性微生物和植物病原体方面的应用进行了研究。在本研究中,我们评估了牛至精油(OEO)、Thymol(THY)和Carvacrol(CAR)对柠檬黄单胞菌亚种的控制作用。citri(X.citri)。体外抗菌试验显示,在浓度为100µg.mL-1和114µg.mL-1时,CAR和THY可抑制香茅的生长,低于OEO(136µg.mL-2)。在浓度为400µg.mL-1OEO和200 ug.mL-1的CAR和THY时,可观察到杀菌效果。对这些化合物的潜在细胞靶标的研究表明,暴露30分钟后,高达84%的细胞膜被破坏,表明膜是主要靶标。使用Lactuca sativa和Solanum lycopersicum种子进行的植物毒性评估显示,除了较低浓度的S.lycopersium中的OEO和THY外,所有高于200µg.mL-1的处理都具有急性毒性作用。关于它们对柑橘叶片的保护作用,与未处理的对照组相比,CAR没有显示出任何作用(分别为0.39和0.50个损伤/cm2)。OEO和THY能够显著减少柑橘溃疡症状(分别为0.18和0.11/cm2)。此外,在所有处理中都没有观察到对柑橘叶片的毒性作用。THY抑制香茅的生长和柑桔溃疡病的发展。这些结果表明,THY是一种可行的替代品,可用于柑橘溃疡病的管理。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Agronomy
Frontiers in Agronomy Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
123
审稿时长
13 weeks
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