Gas Chromatographic Determination of Fatty and Organic Acid Composition in Selenium-Protein Dietary Supplement

Abstract

Topicality. The use of selenium-protein dietary supplements (SPDS) is relevant from a medical and economic point of view, as it can provide consumers with the required amount of selenium, and increase the value and attractiveness of food products. The diet of a modern person is very diverse in the composition of fatty ingredients. Of all natural fats, dairy is the most complex and unique one in its chemical composition. SPDS “Syvoselen Plus” contains up to 10% fat in its composition, therefore, studies of its composition are of certain scientific interest in view of the above. In many scientific studies, gas chromatography is used to determine the composition of not only the fat fraction of additives containing vegetable oils and animal fats, but also organic acids. The study of the fat fraction and the fraction of organic acids of additives by this method allows determining and predicting the composition of similar fractions in the final product from SPDS. This, in turn, allows for comprehensive control of the quality and composition of such final products. The aim of the article is to determine the quantitative and qualitative composition of fatty and organic acids in the SPDS “Syvoselen Plus” by the gas chromatography method, and to compare the results of the determination with the indicators of a hypothetical ideal fat. When writing the article, statistical and physico-chemical research methods were used, namely, the gas chromatography method, with the help of which the following problems are solved: the composition of the fat fraction of SPDS is determined quantitatively and qualitatively; the degree of correspondence of the main indicators of the fat “Syvoselen Plus” to the hypothetical ideal is established; the composition of organic acids in the additive is determined. Results. The fatty acid composition of milk fat, milk whey and SPDS was studied. Dietary supplement “Syvoselen Plus” contains a significant amount of palmitic (3117.71 mg/kg), stearic (1618.61 mg/kg), oleic (1397.95 mg/kg) and meristic (1296.69) mg/kg) fatty acids, which is confirmed by chromatograms of fat fractions of milk fat and SPDS. The main indicators of hypothetically ideal, milk, whey fats and DDBS were presented. As a result, it was established that the composition of fat, which is most similar to the ideal one, among the objects of the study, has SPDS “Syvoselen Plus” (the indicator of the ratio of the sum of oleic and linoleic acids to the sum of pentadecanoic and stearic acids coincides with the indicator of ideal fat, and the indicators of the ratio of linoleic to linolenic acids and linoleic to oleic acids are close to the values of the indicators of ideal fat). The study of the composition of organic acids of SPDS was carried out. Fractions of succinic, azelaic, and levulinic organic acids are predominant, which may be due to the type of dairy products from which the serum was obtained, the storage conditions of dairy products and the serum itself, the type of microorganisms that carry out the fermentation process and can produce various organic acids, and the production process of dairy products and their composition. Conclusions and discussion. The analysis of the fatty acid composition and the quality content of organic acids in “Syvoselen Plus” dietary supplement confirmed the feasibility of using a dietary supplement in health food technologies, since the latter contains enough polyfunctional fatty and organic acids.