Carbon Sequestration and Subsidence Reversal in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and Suisun Bay: Management Opportunities for Climate Mitigation and Adaptation

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
L. Windham‐Myers, P. Oikawa, S. Deverel, Dylan E. Chapple, J. Drexler, Dylan Stern
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The aquatic landscapes of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (hereafter, the Delta) and Suisun Bay represent both a significant past and future soil carbon stock. Historical alterations of hydrologic flows have led to depletion of soil carbon stocks via emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), and loss of elevation as a result of subsidence. Optimizing ecosystem hydrology in the Delta and Suisun Bay could both reduce and reverse subsidence while also providing significant opportunities for climate mitigation and adaptation. Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs)—notably CO2, methane (CH4 ), and nitrous oxide (N2O)—contribute to global warming at different rates and intensities, requiring GHG accounting and modeling to assess the relative benefits of management options. Decades of data collection, model building, and map development suggest that past and current management actions have both caused—and can mitigate—losses of soil carbon. We review here the magnitude of potential GHG offsets, management options that may be achievable, and trade-offs of carbon storage under different land management. Using a land-use/land-cover framework to assess these management options, we describe the potential of three interventions (impoundment to reverse subsidence, agricultural management, and tidal reintroduction and/or maintained connectivity), both in acreage and radiative balance to clarify their relative influence on the region’s GHG balance today and in relation to its millennial history. From floodplains to farming to floating aquatic vegetation, we find specific scalable strategies to manage hydrology that can alter regional GHG balance. Preservation of soil carbon stocks and restoration of net atmospheric CO2 fluxes into soils are the primary route to net negative emissions in the Delta and Suisun Bay, with CH4 emission management occurring in a supporting role. Over a 40-year horizon of climate-mitigation markets, the resilience of different aquatic habitats introduces the most uncertainty, from expected and unexpected hydrologic changes associated with land, ocean, and operational water flows.
萨克拉门托-圣华金三角洲和苏松湾的碳固存和沉降逆转:减缓和适应气候变化的管理机会
萨克拉门托-圣华金三角洲(以下简称三角洲)和绥孙湾的水生景观代表了过去和未来重要的土壤碳储量。水文流量的历史变化通过二氧化碳(CO2)的排放导致土壤碳储量的枯竭,并因沉降而导致海拔损失。优化三角洲和绥孙湾的生态系统水文既可以减少和逆转沉降,也为气候缓解和适应提供了重要机会。温室气体(GHGs)的排放,尤其是二氧化碳、甲烷(CH4 ), 和一氧化二氮(N2O)——以不同的速度和强度导致全球变暖,需要温室气体核算和建模来评估管理方案的相对效益。几十年的数据收集、模型构建和地图开发表明,过去和现在的管理行动都造成并可以减轻土壤碳的损失。我们在这里回顾了潜在温室气体抵消的规模、可能实现的管理选择以及不同土地管理下碳储存的权衡。使用土地使用/土地覆盖框架来评估这些管理方案,我们描述了三种干预措施(蓄水以逆转沉降、农业管理、潮汐重新引入和/或保持连通性)在面积和辐射平衡方面的潜力,以阐明它们对该地区今天的温室气体平衡及其千年历史的相对影响。从洪泛平原到农业再到漂浮的水生植被,我们发现了可以改变区域温室气体平衡的具体可扩展的水文管理策略。保护土壤碳储量和恢复大气中二氧化碳净通量是三角洲和绥孙湾实现净负排放的主要途径,CH4排放管理发挥着支持作用。在40年的气候缓解市场中,不同水生栖息地的恢复力带来了最大的不确定性,包括与陆地、海洋和作业水流相关的预期和意外水文变化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science
San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science Environmental Science-Water Science and Technology
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
24
审稿时长
24 weeks
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