Ideological Origins of the Unified Labor School

Abstract

The purpose of the article is based on the analysis of materials published in the pre-October period and in the first post-revolutionary years to identify theoretical ideas and practical developments in the field of pedagogy, which formed the basis for the design of the Soviet labor school. Research material. The main sources of the research are scientific and pedagogical publications of representatives of Western pedagogical thought and Russian pedagogy, published in the first decades of the XX century. Research results and conclusions. The analysis of the research source base allowed us to identify the ideological foundations formed in the late XIX – early XX centuries, on which the theory and practice of the labor school were built. The goal of the school was to, based on the labor principle of education The goal of the school was to ensure, based on the labor principle of education, the overall development of the intellectual abilities of the child, to teach him to observe the world around him and explore it independently, to gain knowledge by experience, to be able to continue and expand them, organically merging into one whole worldview. The developed ideological foundations became the basis for the theoretical development in 1918 of the project of a new Soviet school. However, by the end of the 1920s, in the conditions of the aggravation of the inconsistency of the proclaimed ideas with the requirements of the emerging Soviet state-political system, the increase of errors and shortcomings in their implementation, the model of the labor school ceased to be in demand.