Study on the Influence of Electron Beam Radiation Sterilization Method on Chinese Mural Pigment

IF 2.8 4区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Processes Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI:10.3390/pr11051403

Min Luo, Peng Bo, Y. Shao, Zhiming Liu, Dian-dou Xu, Ling-ling Ma

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Murals are one of the important cultural heritages of mankind. The microbial control of murals is an important subject in mural painting conservation. In recent years, electron beam radiation sterilization has attracted more and more attention in the field of cultural relic protection. Murals are immovable cultural relics, so conventional electron beam irradiation equipment can not be used. However, the development of small mobile electron beam irradiation equipment shows the potential of radiation’s application in the sterilization protection of immovable cultural relics such as murals. A feasibility study of radiation sterilization in mural paintings is needed to investigate the effect of sterilization and the influence of sterilization dose on the stability of mural painting pigments and bonding materials. In this paper, the radiation effects of typical bacteria in tomb murals and mineral pigment powder in ancient Chinese paintings were studied in a laboratory. Firstly, aeromonas hydrophila (Aer.h) and penicillium flavigenum (PNC) were selected as representative strains to determine the appropriate sterilization dose for murals. Then, the effects of radiation on seven kinds of ancient Chinese mineral pigments and white calcium carbonate in the ground layer were verified. The results are as follows: the radiation dose of 10 kGy can effectively remove the two typical strains. This sterilization dose will cause a color difference in calcium carbonate and lead white, while other color pigments are essentially stable. Based on the color difference and UV-vis intensities of the four white carbonate samples, the color change in two of them increased with increasing the dose up to 30 kGy, after which signs of saturation began to appear. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra showed that the chemical structure of the samples did not change after irradiation. The formation of free radicals in treated samples was confirmed using an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum test. According to all characterization results, the color difference between the four white carbonate samples may be due to the combination of unpaired electrons and defects in the process of electron beam irradiation to form color centers. After forming the color center, the light absorption of the four samples changed. This is a reversible change, but the samples will take a long time to return to their original state. This study focuses on the influence of electron beam radiation on pigment composition, which is a preliminary exploration of whether radiation sterilization can be applied to the protection of ancient Chinese mural paintings, and the experimental results can provide basic data for later application.

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电子束辐照杀菌方法对壁画颜料影响的研究

壁画是人类重要的文化遗产之一。壁画的微生物控制是壁画保护中的一个重要课题。近年来，电子束辐射杀菌在文物保护领域越来越受到重视。壁画是不可移动的文物，因此不能使用传统的电子束辐照设备。然而，小型移动电子束辐照设备的开发表明，辐射在壁画等不可移动文物的杀菌保护中具有应用潜力。需要对壁画中的辐射杀菌进行可行性研究，以研究杀菌效果以及杀菌剂量对壁画颜料和粘合材料稳定性的影响。本文在实验室中研究了墓室壁画和中国古代绘画中矿物颜料粉末中典型细菌的辐射效应。首先，选择嗜水气单胞菌（Aer.h）和黄青霉（PNC）为代表菌株，确定壁画的适宜杀菌剂量。然后，验证了辐射对七种中国古代矿物颜料和地层中白色碳酸钙的影响。结果表明：10kGy的辐射剂量能有效地去除两种典型菌株。这种杀菌剂量会导致碳酸钙和铅白色的色差，而其他颜色的颜料基本上是稳定的。根据四个白色碳酸盐样品的色差和UV-vis强度，其中两个样品的颜色变化随着剂量的增加而增加，最高剂量为30kGy，之后开始出现饱和迹象。X射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和X射线吸收近边结构（XANES）光谱表明，辐照后样品的化学结构没有变化。使用电子顺磁共振（EPR）光谱测试证实了处理过的样品中自由基的形成。根据所有表征结果，四个白色碳酸盐样品之间的色差可能是由于电子束照射过程中未配对的电子和缺陷结合形成色心。在形成色心之后，四个样品的光吸收发生了变化。这是一个可逆的变化，但样本需要很长时间才能恢复到原始状态。本研究重点研究了电子束辐射对颜料成分的影响，是对辐射杀菌能否应用于中国古代壁画保护的初步探索，实验结果可为后期应用提供基础数据。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Processes Chemical Engineering-Bioengineering

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

11.40%

发文量

2239

审稿时长

14.11 days

期刊介绍： Processes (ISSN 2227-9717) provides an advanced forum for process related research in chemistry, biology and allied engineering fields. The journal publishes regular research papers, communications, letters, short notes and reviews. Our aim is to encourage researchers to publish their experimental, theoretical and computational results in as much detail as necessary. There is no restriction on paper length or number of figures and tables.