Linguistic Synesthesia in Turkish: A Corpus-based Study of Crossmodal Directionality

IF 2.2 3区文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Metaphor and Symbol Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI:10.1080/10926488.2021.1921557

Alper Kumcu

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

ABSTRACT Linguistic synesthesia (or synesthetic/intrafield/crossmodal metaphor) refers to crossmodal instances in which expressions in different sensory modalities are combined as in the case of sweet (taste) melody (hearing). Ullmann was among the first to show that synesthetic transfers seem to follow a potentially universal hierarchy that goes from the so-called “lower” (i.e., touch, taste and smell) to “higher” senses (i.e., hearing and sight). Several studies across languages, cultures, domains and text types seem to support the hierarchy in linguistic synesthesia despite some crosslinguistic differences and varying explanations . To extend results to an underrepresented language and thus, to test the universality of the crossmodal hierarchy, 5,693 token cases of linguistic synesthesia in written and spoken Turkish were investigated using a general-purpose, large corpus. Token, type, and hapax legomena frequencies showed that although three backward and thus, hierarchy-inconsistent transfers (i.e., from taste to touch, from sight to smell and from sight to hearing) were more frequent than their hierarchy-consistent counterparts, forward transfers in the canonical direction were more frequent overall than the backward transfers in Turkish. We conclude that Turkish linguistic synesthesia complies with the hierarchy as a descriptive generalization. Results are discussed in comparison to the crossmodal use of sensory words in other languages.

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土耳其语的语言通感：基于语料库的跨模态指向性研究

摘要语言联觉（或联觉/场内/跨模态隐喻）是指跨模态的情况，在这种情况下，不同感觉模式的表达被组合在一起，就像甜（味觉）旋律（听觉）的情况一样。乌尔曼是最早表明联觉转移似乎遵循一个潜在的普遍层次的人之一，从所谓的“较低”（即触觉、味觉和嗅觉）到“较高”感官（即听觉和视觉）。一些跨语言、文化、领域和文本类型的研究似乎支持语言联觉的层次结构，尽管存在一些跨语言差异和不同的解释。为了将结果扩展到代表性不足的语言，从而测试跨模态层次的普遍性，使用通用的大型语料库调查了5693个土耳其语书面和口语中的象征性语言联觉案例。令牌、类型和hapax legomena频率表明，尽管三种向后的、因此是层次不一致的转移（即从味觉到触觉、从视觉到嗅觉以及从视觉到听觉）比层次一致的转移更频繁，但在土耳其语中，规范方向上的正向转移总体上比向后转移更频繁。我们得出的结论是，土耳其语的联觉作为一种描述性概括符合等级制度。将结果与其他语言中感觉词的跨模态使用进行比较。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Metaphor and Symbol Multiple-

CiteScore

2.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Metaphor and Symbol: A Quarterly Journal is an innovative, multidisciplinary journal dedicated to the study of metaphor and other figurative devices in language (e.g., metonymy, irony) and other expressive forms (e.g., gesture and bodily actions, artworks, music, multimodal media). The journal is interested in original, empirical, and theoretical research that incorporates psychological experimental studies, linguistic and corpus linguistic studies, cross-cultural/linguistic comparisons, computational modeling, philosophical analyzes, and literary/artistic interpretations. A common theme connecting published work in the journal is the examination of the interface of figurative language and expression with cognitive, bodily, and cultural experience; hence, the journal''s international editorial board is composed of scholars and experts in the fields of psychology, linguistics, philosophy, computer science, literature, and media studies.