Non-Motor Symptoms and their associated factors in Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract

  Aim: To find the frequency of Non Motor Symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and describe their association with different factors like age, gender and duration of disease.   Methodology: A cross sectional observational study was carried out in Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar for the period of 1year. All patients of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) were included. 13 Non motor symptoms (NMS) were evaluated and noted in predesigned proforma. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS 22.   Results: Mean Age was 62.10±10.01 years. 58.82%(n=40) were males. 47.05%(n=32) belong to urban residence. Mean duration of illness was 4.52±3.82 years. NMS were found in 100% (n=68) patients. Among NMS, sleep disturbance was the most common symptom found in 77.9% (n=53) followed by constipation that was present in 75%(n=51) of patients. Depression was significantly associated with advance age (P value 0.01) and in those taking treatment of motor symptoms of PD (P value 0.02). Perspiration was significantly more with longer duration of illness (P value 0.006) and advance age (P value 0.04). Orthostatic hypotension was associated with longer duration of disease. (P value 0.04) There was no other significant association found.   Conclusion: NMS were seen in all the patients presenting to Neurology OPD in our study. The most common NMS was sleep disturbance followed by constipation and depression. Autonomic disturbance were associated with longer disease duration while depression was associated with old age.