Performance-Based Evacuation Optimization for Teaching Building with Heterogeneous Populations: Simulation and Numerical Studies

IF 3 3区 农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Lanyu Yang, Bailing Zhou, Tao Wu
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Abstract

Building evacuation safety has been one of the focal points of researchers, and there is a wealth of research findings for certain places (e.g., buildings with a high population density) or for particular research subjects (e.g., the physically challenged ethnic group). However, current publications are relatively rare in analyzing the features of physically impaired individuals in crowded places and their impact on the effectiveness of the whole evacuation process, including non-disabled people. Additionally, only such studies tend to concentrate on the behavioral characteristics of disabled people, which lack exploring and comparing evacuation optimization strategies and evaluation of comprehensive evacuation performance. This paper proposed a computer simulation-based method that combined horizontally phased evacuation and vertically phased evacuation, supplemented with the use of handicapped ramps and a reasonable arrangement of class locations, to achieve the optimal evacuation performance of a teaching building with special consideration of the heterogeneous population. And then, a simulated building model was constructed to test and compare the effectiveness and applicability of these approaches through 33 evacuation scenario studies. The results found that (1) component design can improve evacuation effectiveness, with the arrangement of ramps and the location of stair doors successfully reducing evacuation time by 12% and 6.6%, respectively; (2) a combination of two ramps and separate handicap access can decrease evacuation time by 18%; (3) the horizontal-phased evacuation approach drops evacuation time by 7.1%, but the vertical-phased evacuation strategy is not very efficient. When the two are successfully combined, evacuation time is further reduced to 9.2%; and (4) based on the above measures, the evacuation time can be finally shortened by 19% if the veteran teachers are concentrated in the classrooms on the lower floors. These obtained conclusions will provide significant reference and methodological support for the safe evacuation of other similar buildings with heterogeneous populations.
基于性能的非均匀人群教学楼疏散优化:模拟与数值研究
建筑物疏散安全一直是研究人员关注的焦点之一,针对特定场所(如人口密度高的建筑物)或特定研究对象(如残疾人群体)的研究成果丰富。然而,目前的出版物在分析拥挤场所中肢体残疾者的特征及其对包括非残疾人在内的整个疏散过程有效性的影响方面相对较少。此外,这些研究往往只关注残疾人的行为特征,缺乏对疏散优化策略的探索和比较以及对综合疏散性能的评价。本文提出了一种基于计算机仿真的方法,将水平分阶段疏散与垂直分阶段疏散相结合,辅以残障坡道的使用和班级位置的合理安排,在特别考虑异质人群的情况下,实现教学楼的最优疏散性能。然后,构建模拟建筑模型,通过33个疏散场景研究,检验和比较这些方法的有效性和适用性。结果发现:(1)构件设计可以提高疏散效率,坡道的布置和楼梯门的位置分别使疏散时间减少12%和6.6%;(2)双坡道和单独残障通道的组合可使疏散时间缩短18%;(3)水平分阶段疏散可使疏散时间缩短7.1%,而垂直分阶段疏散效率不高。两者结合成功后,疏散时间进一步缩短至9.2%;(4)综合以上措施,将老教师集中在较低楼层的教室,最终可使疏散时间缩短19%。这些结论将为其他类似异质人群建筑的安全疏散提供重要的参考和方法支持。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Fire-Switzerland
Fire-Switzerland Multiple-
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
15.60%
发文量
182
审稿时长
11 weeks
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