Phytochemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Pergularia daemia

Abstract

Background: Pergularia daemia  of the Asteraceae family has wide use in ethno-medicine. It is established to have pharmacologicall activity with potential medicinal significance as an antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflamatory, analgesic, fertility, hepatoprotective and antic  ancer agent . Aim:  This study estimated the qualitative and quantitative amount of of phytochemicals in  Pergularia daemia  plant and the and antioxidant capacity was also determined. Setting:  The fresh plants of  P. Daemia  were collected from Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria and was identified at Plant Biology Department of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria. The samples were air-dried, pulverized and stored properly for investigation. Method:  Both qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses of the leaves and stem were determined through n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of  P. daemia . Antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydroxyl (DPPH). The antibacterial and antifungal assay of the extracts were determing by dissolving 1 mg of the extract in 5 mL of the extracting solvent to give a 200 µg/mL solution. Results:  Flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and glycosides were present in all the stem and leaf extracts of  P. daemia . The total phenolic content of the extracts ranged from 15.898 ± 0.111 mgGA/g to 54.679 ± 0.675 mgGA/g. The leaf has higher concentration of flavonoids than the stem and the ethanol extracts contain highest content of flavonoids. The concentration of the ethanol extract of the leaf was 400.196 mg QE/g while that of ethyl acetate and n-hexane were 388.627 mg QE/g and 338.725 mg QE/g respectively at 10 mg/mL. Ethanol extracts has the highest concentration of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity. Conclusion:  The results derived from this study validate the ethno-medicinal use of the aerial parts of  P. daemia .